| A | B |
|---|
| sacrament | sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church |
| tithe | payment to a church equal to one-tenth of a person's income |
| secular | having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters |
| papal supremacy | authority of medieval popes over all secular rulers |
| canon law | body of laws of a church |
| excommunication | exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey church laws |
| interdict | in the Roman Catholic Church, excommunication of an entire region, town, or kingdom |
| simony | selling of Church offices |
| friar | monk who traveled throughout Europe's growing towns to preach to the poor |
| antisemitism | prejudice against the Jews |
| charter | in the Middle Ages, a written document that set out the rights and privileges of a town |
| capital | money or wealth |
| partnership | group of merchants who joined together to finance a large-scale venture that would have been too costly for any individual trader |
| bill of exchange | issued by a banker in one city to a merchant who could exchange it for cash in a distant city, thus freeing him from traveling with gold, which was easily stolen |
| tenant farmers | someone who would pay rent to a lord in order to farm the land |
| middle class | new class of people, including merchants, traders, and artisans-who were between peasants and nobles |
| usury | practice of lending money with interest |
| guild | in the Middle Ages, an association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests |
| apprentice | young person learning a trade from a master |
| journeyman | salaried worker who was employed by a guild master |
