| A | B |
|---|
| Asante | Kingdom in West Africa; traded with Europeans and Muslims and controlled several smaller states |
| Liberia | became an independent republic by 1847 |
| David Livingstone | explorer and missionary who crisscrossed Africa and wrote about his travels |
| Berlin Conference | meeting of European powers to set up agreement on claims in Africa |
| Boer War | war between Britain and Dutch settlers of South Africa |
| Nehanda | female military leader of the Shona tribe in Zimbabwe |
| Menelik II | Ethiopian ruler who reformed and modernized his country |
| Mahdi | led a resistance to British expansion in the Sudan |
| Young Turks | group who overthrew the Ottoman sultan in 1908 |
| Armenians | a Christian people concentrated in the eastern mountains of the Ottoman Empire |
| Muhammed Ali | ambitious soldier who introduced economic reforms in Egypt |
| Suez Canal | waterway that links the Mediterranean and Red Sea |
| Qajars | shahs who ruled Iran from 1794 to 1925 |
| Adowa | site of the battle where Ethiopians defeated Italian invaders |
| Sierra Leone | British colony for freed slaves |
| East India Company | controlled three-fifths of India by the mid-1800s |
| Indian National Congress | group that supported self-rule and continued western-style modernization in India |
| Muslim League | Formed in 1906, to pursue a separate Muslim state |
| Ram Mohun Roy | founder of Indian nationalism |
| Sepoy Rebellion | uprising that brought about changes in British policy in India |
| Boxer uprising | foreign communities across China were attacked |
| Sun Yixian | organized the Revolutionary Alliance |
| Treaty of Nanjing | signed after the Opium War, this forced China to give concessions to western powers |
| Taiping Rebellion | peasant revolt in China which lasted from 1850-1864 |
| Ci Xi | Chinese empress who took control when emperor Guang Xu was imprisoned |
| Open Door Policy | called for keeping Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis |
| Opium War | began when Chinese officials tried to keep British ships from bringing the addictive drug into China |
