| A | B |
|---|
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed during a physical or chemical change in a closed system. |
| Energy | The ability to do work. |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion |
| Gravitational Potential Energy | Energy of position |
| Elastic Potential Energy | Energy of shape |
| Mechanical energy | Kinetic energy plus potential energy |
| Thermal Energy | Total energy of the particles in an object |
| Chemical Energy | Energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms |
| Electrical Energy | Energy of moving electrons |
| Light | Type of visible energy that travels in waves |
| Nuclear Energy | Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| Force | Push or pull |
| Net force | Combination of all the forces acting on an object |
| Balanced forces | Two or more opposite forces with a net force of 0N |
| Unbalanced forces | Two or more forces that do not cancel each other out and result in a net force |
| Vector | A quantity with a magnitude and direction |
| Applied force | A force exerted on an object by a person or other |
| Friction | A force between two surfaces in contact that resists the motion of the surfaces past each other |
| Tension | A force that pulls objects apart |
| Compression | A force that attempts to flatten or squeeze a material |
| Normal force | The force one surface exerts on another surface |
| Air resistance | A force that opposes the motion of an object through a gas |
| Gravity | Force of attraction between two objects |
| Newton's First Law | An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion until a net force acts on it. |
| Newton's Second Law | Force equals mass times acceleration |
| Newton's Third Law | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Inertia | The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion |
| Distance | The amount of space travelled |
| Speed | Rate at which an object moves |
| Velocity | The speed of an object in a particular direction |
| Displacement | Total change in position |
| Chemical Reaction | The rearrangement of atoms to make new molecules |
| Reactant | The atoms that you start with in a chemical equation (left side of an equation) |
| Product | The atoms that you end with in a chemical equation (right side of an equation) |
| Cation | Positively charged ion |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion |
| Ionic Bond | The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound. |
| Covalent Bond | The force of attraction between the nuclei of atoms and the electrons shared by the atoms |
| Lewis Dot Structure | Symbol that shows the valence electrons in an atom |
| Engineering Design Process | 8-step process for engineers that is used to help in the design of products |
| evaluate | To make a decision using specific criteria |
| brainstorm | To come up with as many ideas as possible |
| prototype | A full-scale working model of an idea |
| criteria | A standard or rule that is used to make a decision |
| feedback | Information that affects a process or a product |
| 2-dimensional drawing | A drawing that represents one view of an object with only two dimensions (ex. Length and width); appears flat |
| 3-dimensional | "A drawing that represents multiple views of the same object using all three dimensions (length, width, and height); object appears to have depth" |
| dimension lines | Represents a measurement of a certain part of a drawing. |
| views | A representation of one side of an object. |
| scale | A ratio that relates the drawing size and the actual size of the object. |
| truss | A structure primarily composed of triangles that provides skeleton support to an object. |
| tension | Two forces acting in directions that are directly toward each other. (pushing together) |
| compression | Two forces acting in directions that are directly away from each other (pulling apart) |
| bending | Two forces acting on a single object that cause the object to curve. |
| beam bridge | A bridge composed entirely of truss structures. Experiences tension (on lower members) and compression (on upper members) |
| arch bridge | A bridge that includes an arch shape in the structure. Experiences only compression (on the arch structure) |
| suspension bridge | A bridge that is supported by cables under tension and tall piers holding the cables to spread out forces. Has longest span. |
| span | The distance between two piers on a bridge |
| pier | A vertical support for a bridge |
| joint | A place in a truss where two members meet |
| member | A "bar" in a truss structure |
| research & development | The part of a company that is responsible for coming up with new products. |
| breadboard | A test of a small aspect of a product or project |
| production | The part of a company that is responsible for manufacturing products |
| management | The part of a company that is responsible for running the company |
| patent | An application for a legal right to produce and sell a product or idea. Claims ownership. |
| human resources | The part of the management division of a company that deals with personnel |
| finance | The part of the management division of a company that deals with money |
| customer service | The part of the management division of a company that deals with satisfaction of customers of their product or services |
| information technology | The part of the management division of a company that deals with computing needs and data |
| sales & marketing | The part of a company that is responsible for advertising and selling a product. |
| distribution | The part of a company that is responsible for shipping of products to stores and customers. |
