| A | B |
|---|
| price supports | federal program to guarantee prices for farm products |
| credit | an arrangement in which consumers buy now and pay later |
| Dow Jones Industrial Average | measure of stock market health based on 30 representative large companies |
| speculation | buying stocks and bonds on the chance of a quick profit |
| buying on margin | paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929, the stock market crash |
| Great Depression | period from 1929 to 1940 in which the economy crashed and unemployment rose to historic heights |
| shantytown | little towns consisting of shacks |
| soup kitchens | offered free or low cost food to the unemployed and poor |
| bread lines | people waiting for free food from charitable organizations |
| Dust Bowl | area of dust storms caused by drought, erosion and poor conservation practices in Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico |
| direct relief | cash payments or food provided by the government to the poor |
| Boulder Dam | dam on the Colorado River built to provide water and electricity to a growing West |
| Federal Home Loan Bank Act | lowered mortgage rates and allowed farmers to refinance their debts |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) | approved emergency financing for banks, insurance companies, and other large companies |
| Bonus Army | WWI veterans who marched on Washington to pressure Congress to give promised money early |
| depression | period of severe decline in business activity usually marked by high levels of unemployment |
| recession | a slowing down in the economy |
| public works | roads, railways, bridges, etc. that are built at public cost for public use |
| ghetto | section of a city where members of racial or ethnic groups live because of economic or social pressures |
| tenement | building in which several families live crowded together often in unsafe and unsanitary conditions |
| industrial union | organization of workers in a particular industry |
| welfare state | situation in which the government assumes a large measure of responsibility for the social well-being of the people |
| deficit spending | spending more public funds than are received in taxes |
| federal deficit | the amount of money the federal government borrows to meet its spending obligations |
| fireside chats | informal, informational radio talks by FDR during the Great Depression |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." |
| Frances Perkins | first female Cabinet member; FDR's Secretary of Labor |
