| A | B |
|---|
| Frost wedging is most effective when temperatures are? | between -15 and +15 |
| The chemical weathering occurs in climates with? | average temperatures above 20 degrees and moderate to high rainfall. |
| Ice wedging is an example of what? | physical weathering |
| Type of r ock from which soil originates? | parent material |
| litter and humus are what? | organic matter |
| Nutrients needed for plant growth can be added to depleted soils in the form of artificial or natural...? | fertilizer |
| Soil accumulates over time as a result of the weathering of what? | the parent rock |
| The actioon of acids on parent rock | chemical weathering |
| the remains of decomposed litter | humus |
| composed of weathered rock and organic matter | soil |
| dead leaves, sticks, and plant parts | litter |
| contains layers that give a record of the total environment in which soil formed | soil profile |
| Why is the weathering of rock by chemical action more intense in a tropical rain forest than in other areas? | As temperature increases, the rate of chemical reactions and decomposition increases. The additional moisture in rain forests increases the amount of water carrying acids to the parent rock. |
| What are the sources of acids involved in chemical weathering? | Carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere mix with water to make acids. PLants produce acids as they grow, and decomposers release acids. Water percolating through humus brings acids to the lower soil horizons. |
| Why does chemical weathering become more effective with the help of ice action? | Ice action increases the surface area that is exposed to acids. |
| Is ice wedging effective in polar areas? Explain. | Temperatures must range across water's freezing point, so ice wedging isn't effective in areas that are always frozen. |
| Why is terracing used in agriculture? | Terracing prevents soil and nutrients loss through water runoff. This method allows areas on hillsides to be farmed. |
| What happens to soil after trees are removed? why? | Soil is no longer held in place by roots and can be carried away by rain or wind. |
| Infer what the effects of clearcutting would be on the soil's temperature and nutrients. | Temperature would increase as there is less shade and less litter. Nutrients would be washed away instead of being recycled through the trees. |
