| A | B |
|---|
| What new tactic did the Germans use to increase U-boat effectivenes? | wolf packs |
| What is a wolf pack? | when subs travel in groups, sometimes 30 or more |
| This was a technique used by Allied ships that used sound waves? | sonar |
| What was the name of the German code system that the Allies broke? | Enigma |
| Why did Hitler break the nonagression pact with the Soviet Union? | He said he needed Lebensraum or living space |
| Why was Stalingrad a major target for the Germans? | It was a major industrial center |
| How did the Russian winter help save the Soviet Union from falling to the Germans? | German soldiers and equipment performed poorly in freezing temperatures. The severe weather slowed the invasion |
| Why did the British want to control North Africa. | the British could protect the Mediterranean Sea |
| Who led the German troops in North Africa? | Erwin Rommel |
| What was Erwin Rommel's nickname? | the desert fox |
| What was the Allies code name for the invasion of North Africa? | Operation Torch |
| Who was the Allied commander in North Africa? | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Where did Churchill and Roosevelt meet to plan strategy for the rest of the war? | Casablanca Conference |
| This was the first segment of African Americans to ever receive pilot training in the U.S. military. | Tuskegee airmen |
| How did the Italian people respond to the Allied invasion of Sicily? | they turned against Mussolini and forced him from power. |
| This was the code name for the invasion of mainland France. | Operation Overlord or D-Day |
| The Allies landed on the coast of ___________, France. | Normandy |
| Who did most people assume would lead D-Day? | George Marshall, the top general and Roosevelt's Chief of Staff |
| Who was chosen to lead the D-Day invasion? | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Who led the American troops at D-Day? | Omar Bradley |
| This is a bombing technique where large number of bombs were scattered over a wide area. | carpet bombing |
| How did they keep D-Day a secret? | For every mission flown over Normandy, one was flown over Calis. Set up Patton as a decoy at Calis and even hired an actor who looked like General Montgomery. Soldiers were housed in individual homes in Britain and were not told about the details of their mission until the last moment. |
| How did the Germans prepare for a possible invasion in France? | They built the Atlantic Wall will wire fences on the beaches, land and water mines, and underwater obstructions |
| Why did the weather have to be perfect for the invasion? | needed a full moon to drop parachutes behind enemy lines, tide had to be just right. |
| What things did not go as planned once the invasion started? | men got seasick, some stepped out of ships too early and with their heavy packs, they drowned. Parachutes dropped behind enemy lines got stuck in trees and they were shot. Many parachutes drifted and were dropped in the wrong spot. Once the invasion started, many officers were killed and no one was in charge of some units. |
| After the Allies get a foothold in France on Normandy beach, where do they advance to? | Paris |
| What was the name of the counterattack that Germany launched in Belgium? | The Battle of the Bulge. |
| Which American soldier provided relief for the American soldiers at Bastogne? | George S. Patton, he moved his entire army of 250,000 across France in just a few days in order to help the Americans fight Germany |
| What was General Patton's nickname? | Old blood and guts |
| What was the largest batle in Western Europe during World War II? | Battle of the Bulge |
| What is the United Service Organization? | The USO assembles volunteer touring companies of actors, commedians, singers, and dances to entertain the armed forces overseas. |
| What is antisemistism? | hostility towards or prejudice against Jews |
| Is antisemitism new? | No, it has been around since the birth of Christ. |
| What were the Nuremberg laws? | laws designed to strip Jews of their citizenship and took away most civil and economic rights |
| How did the Nuremberg laws define a Jew? | anyone who had 3 or more Jewish grandparents. |
| What was the first concentration camp and why was it established. | The first camp was Dachau and it was established for political prisoners |
| What was Kristallnacht? | The night of the broken glass. On this night Germans broke windows of business owned by Jews and synagogues were burned. It marks the begining of the Holocaust. |
| Why was it difficult for Jews to leave Germany after Kristallnacht. | They had been stripped of their citizenship, had no money to leave, most countries were unwilling to take poor immigrants. |
| These are neighborhoods in a city to which a group of people are confined. | ghetto |
| What is the difference between open and closed ghettos. | In an open ghetto, Jews were free to come and go, but in a closed ghetto, Jews were usually confined by walls. |
| This is the name for the mobile killing squads. | Einsatzgruppen |
| What was the German Final Solution? | This was their plan to solve the Jewish question. They would exterminate all Jews. |
| The killing of an entire people. | genocide |
| What type of poison gas was used by the Germans to exterminiate Jews? | Zyklon B |
| What were the two forms of resistance? | spritual resistance and physical resistance |
| This was a group of 5 German students who protested against the Nazi government. They were eventually killed. | The White Rose society |
| How did America respond to the Holocaust? | American newspapers and the government showed little interest during the war years. In 1942, American officials began to hear about what was happening to the Jews of Europe. |
| Which ally was the first to liberate the camps? | the Soviets |
| Many of the Nazis faced trials for their role in the Holocaust. What was the name of these trials? | The Nuremberg Trials |
| Where did the Japanese attack right after Pearl Harbor? | the Philippines |
| Who was the American General in the Philippines? | Douglas MacArthur |
| Where did MacArthur's troops retreat to on the island of the Philippines? | Bataan |
| MacArthur's troops were surrounded at the Bataan peninsula. What was MacArthur told to do? | leave his men and go to Australia. He was not happy about this and said, "I shall return" |
| What happened to the soldiers who were left on Bataan? | They were led on the Bataan Death March. |
| Which army lieutentant led the raid on Tokyo? | James Doolittle |
| What was the effect of the raid on Tokyo? | It didn't do major damage to the Japanese targets, but it did give the American people something to clebrate and it worried Japanese leaders. The Japanese concern about future attacks would cloud their judgement and lead to major military mistakes in the months ahead. It also caused Japan to keep some of their troops at home. |
| Which battle is considered the turning point in the war in the Pacific? | Battle of Midway |
| What was fighting like in Guadalcanal? | it was jungle warfare. This experience would help us later in Vietnam |
| What strategy did the Americans use in the Pacific? | island hopping, they focused on Japanese weak spots and simply skipped over strongholds |
| This was the nickname for the Navajo who developed a code that the Japanese were never able to break. | code talkers |
| This was the name for a pilot who loaded is aircraft with bombs and deliberatly crashed it into an enemy ship. | kamikaze |
| What was significant about the battle of Iwo Jima? | For the first time, Japanese troops were defending land that had been part of tehir nation before the war began. |
| What were victory gardens? | They were gardens planted in backyards, vacant lots, and many place so that farm food could be sent to soldiers. |
| Why did the government begin rationing items? | The government was afraid that shortages would lead to inflation. It was also a way to distribute limited goods fairly and ensure there was enough for the war effort. |
| What types of items were rationed? | metal, glass, rubber, gasoline, sugar, coffee, meat, butter, shoes, and canned fruit |
| This office was created to spread propaganda and information and ideas to get Americans to support the war effort. | Office of War Information |
| The rise in the birth rate after the war was called the ________. | baby boom |
| Americans now had more money to spend, but they did not buy cars of home appliances, why? | These items were unavailable so they looked for other ways to send their money. |
| Why did sugar become scarce during World War II? | the Philippines came under Japanese control |
| Which company developed a market for small-sized paper back books? | Pocket Book Company |
| Who founded the All-American Girls Baseball League? | Phillip Wrigley |
| What famous song did Bing Crosby sing during the World War II era and it has been famous ever since. | Irving Berlin's White Christmas |
| What were internment camps. | camps that were established to contain Japanese Americans |
| What executive order established the internment camps? | Executive order 9066 |
| How did World War II help expand the role of the government in the lives of American people? | size and power of the government grew |
| How did the federal government raise money to help pay for the war effort? | sold war bonds, increased income tax rates, began taxing millions of Americans who had not previously paid income tax. |
| What was the connection between the War Production Board and the fashion industry? | the war production board placed limits on clothing manufacturers in order to ensure a plentiful supply of fabrics. |
| How did the Battle of the Bulge affect Germany? | They had few soldiers to defend their homeland |
| Who were the big three? | Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin |
| Where did the Big Three met to make plans for the end of the War? | Yalta |
| What was decided at the Yalta Conference? | They agreed to dived Germany into four zones. The Americans, British and French would each occupy one of these sectors and the Soviet Union would occupy one also. The city of Berlin would also be divided into four sectors. Stalin agreed to let Poland have free elections after the war. Stalin also said he would declare war on Japan three months after Germany was defeated. |
| Where did HItler order his troops to make their final stand? | At the Rhine River. |
| Which Allied country was the first to enter Berlin and why was this significant? | The Soviets wanted to reach Berlin first for Soviet pride, but also because they were trying to reach the German nuclear research center in Berlin before the Americans got there. They discovered 3 tons of uranium oxide, which was enough to allow them to start working on their first nuclear weapon. |
| Who became the President of the United States when FDR died? | Harry S. Truman |
| How prepared was Truman to take on the Presidency? | He was very unprepared. He had only been the Vice-President for 83 days. Roosevelt had not included him in major foreign policy discussions and he was not aware of the secret Manhatten Project. |
| Where did Hitler commit suicide? | In his Bunker in Berlin |
| What is V-E day? | it stands for Victory in Europe, May 8, 1948. |
| How did the United States force Japan to surrender? | By dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. |
| When Japan surrendered on Aug. 15, 1945, what is that day known as? | V-J day or victory in Japan. |
| Who was the emperor of Japan who surrenderd to the Allies? | Hirohito |
| This was a group of 50 nations that formed a new organization to encourage cooperation among nations to prevent future wars. | United Nations |
| This was the last wartime conference. The Allied leaders met to discuss the spread of communism and Soviet influence in the postwar world. | Potsdam |
| What challenges did the United States face after victory? | The spread of communism and the Soviet influence, the rebuilding of Europe and Japan. |
