| A | B |
|---|
| august comte | lived from 1798-1857; considered a founder of sociology. favored a basis in science for the study of sociology. thoughts aligned with the structural-functional theory |
| emile durkheim | lived from 1858-1917; continued to develop the structural-functional theory. focused on how societies stay togehter in social solidarity |
| karl marx | lived from 1818-1883; developed the social conflict theory and its relation to ommunism, the rulers, and the ruled class. felt that the conflict between the rich and poor would lead to revolution |
| george herbert mead | lived from 1863-1931; continued to develop the symbolic-interaction theory. he focused on how personalities are built over time, from social experiences. |
| herbert spencer | lived from 1820-1903; the second founder of the structural-functional theory. compared society to the human body, each having many parts that need to function for the whole to work. applied evolution to the development of society (survival of the fittest). |
| max weber | lived from 1864-1920; thoughts led to the development of the symbolic-interaction theory. stressed the need to understand social situations from the viewpoint of the individuals involved |
| structural-functional | view that society is a complex system of working parts. each institution fulfills a need and without that structure in place, society would collapse. |
| symbolic-interaction | view that society is the product of everyday, face-to-face, interactions of people. |
| social conflict | view that society is a structure filled with inequality that benefits the wealthy. this inequality prompts change and conflict. |
| social exchange | view that society runs on an evaluative system of costs and rewards. this motivates all human behavior. |
| macro-level orientation | view that focuses on broad social structures and their impact on all of society |
| micro-level orientation | view that focuses on the social interaction in specific, individual situations |
| theory | a speculative statement of how and why specific facts are related |
| theoretical paradigm | a basic view of how society works. they guide research and thinking |
| stereotype | generalization (often exaggerated) that's applied to every person in some category |
| manifest functions | the intended, recognized purpose of a social structure |
| latent functions | less obvious, enexpected, and unintended impact of a social structure |
| subjective | opinion based on personal experiences and inferences |
| functional | positive social structures that assist society |
| dysfunctional | negative social structures that harm society |
| social functions | impact of social structures on the operation of society (consequences) |
| social structure | relatively stable patterns of social behavior and human interaction |
