| A | B |
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| Why did many European merchants dislike the way goods were traded from East to West? | The Italians controlled the trade and charged them high prices for the trade goods. |
| How does the phrase "God, glory, and gold" summarize the Europeans' motives for exploration? | European explorers wanted to spread Christianity, bring fame and prestige to themselves and their ccountry, and enrich themselves. |
| How did the Treaty of Tordesillas ease tensions between Spain and Portugal? | It appeased both nations by granting them their own territories to colonize. |
| How did the Europeans domination of the Indian Ocean trade eventually impact Europeans back home? | It brought down the prices of many Asian goods, so more Europeans could afford them. |
| How were the Dutch able to dominate the Indian Ocean trade? | The Dutch, with the largest fleet of shis in the world, were a great naval power; also the Dutch East Indian Company was richer and more powerful than England's company. |
| How did the arrival of Europeans affect the peoples of the East in general? | It did not greatly affect them, for European influence did not spread much beyond the port cities of the East. |
| What did the Treaty of Tordesillas reveal about Europeans' attotides tpward mpm-European lands and peoples? | The treaty revealed that Europeans had a low view of non-Europeans and considered their land to be free for the taking. |
| What do you think the people of other countries thought about China when they were visited on one of Zheng He's voyages? | That China must be very powerful to send so many ships, men, and goods on such a voyage and, therefore, they should pay tribute. |
| How did the Manchus earn the respect of the Chinese? | They upheld China's traditional Confucian beliefs and social structures, secured the country's frontiers, and restored its prosperity. |
| Why do you thing the kowtow ritual was so important to the Chinese emperor? | It reaffirmed for him the Chinese belief that their culture was vastly superior to others. |
| What were the consequences of the emphasis on tradition in the culture of early modern China? | Produced little creativity but provided sense of stability in time of change and helped to unify Chinese society. |
| How would the "alternate attendance policy" restrict the daimyo? | Famlies held hostage, fincial burden maintaining two residences, time wasted moving back and forth. |
| Why did Europeans want to open trade with Japan? | They hoped to involve themselves in Japan's trade network. |
| How was the treatment of Europeans different in Japan and China? How as it similar? | The Japanese were more receptive at first to European contact than the Chinese were; however, both countries eventaully rebuffed European influences and entered an age of isolation. |
| What factors helped spur European exploration? | Desire for new sources of wealth; desire to spread Christianity; technological advancements in sailing and navigation. |
| What role did the Portugal's Prince Henry play in overseas exploration? | He encouraged exploration by establishing a navigation school for sailors to perfect their trade. |
| What was the significance of Bartolomeu Dias's voyage? | Dias showed that the southern tip of Africa could be circumnavigated; da Gama established a sea route from Europe to India. |
| Why were the Dutch so successful in establishing a trading empire in the Indian Ocean? | The Dutch owned the largest fleet of ships in the world, and the Dutch East India Company was more powerful and better financed than other nations' trading companies. |
| Why didn't China undergo widespread industrialization? | Idea of commerce offended China's Confucian beliefs; economic policy gave priority agriculture. |
| Name two technological advancements the missionaries brought to China. | The clock and the prism |
| List five reasons why the Ming Dynasty fell to civil disorder. | Ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, government out of money, high taxes, bad harvests. |
| Why was the period between 1467 and 1568 called the Age of the Warring States? | It was an era of disorder when powerful warrior-chieftains, called daimyo, seized control of old feudal estates and set up new type of feudalism and often fought each other for territory. |
| What was the difference between the COnfucian ideal of society and the real society of Japan? | Confucian ideal-Japan was an agricultural society and the farmer was the ideal citizen. In reality- farmers were overburdened and over-taxed and often moved to the city for a better life. |
| Briefly describe the new drama, literature, and art found in Japanese cities. | Kabuki plays, popular stories, haiku, and woodblock prints. |
