| A | B |
|---|
| cell | smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms; usually consists of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a membrane |
| alveoli | tiny air sacs of the lungs |
| eukaryote | an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists |
| nucleus | a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
| prokaryote | an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus |
| organelle | one of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| cells | little rooms |
| animalcules | little animals |
| cell theory | 1) All organisms are made of one or more cells; 2) The cell is the basic unit of all living things; 3) All cells come from existing cells. |
| surface area-to-volume ratio | the area of a cell's surface compared with the cell's volume limits the cell's size |
| cytoplasm | fluid and almost all of its contents |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | genetic material that carries information needed to make new cells and new organisms; passed from parent to offspring |
| prokaryotic cells | cells with no nucleus; two types are bacteria and archaea |
| eukaryotic cells | cells with a nucleus |
| ribosomes | cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
| archaeon | singular for archaea |
| bacterium | singular for bacteria |
| archaea | prokaryotic; three types are heat-loving, salt-loving, and methane-making |
| extremophiles | another name for heat-loving and salt-loving archaea |
| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment |
| multicellular | many cells |
| cellulose | complex sugar that makes up the cell walls of plants and algae |
| chitin | complex sugar that makes up the cell walls of fungi |
| lipids | fats and cholesterol; do not disolve in water |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus |
| hydrophobic | water fearing |
| hydrophilic | water loving |
| cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| nucleolus | where a cell begins to make its ribosomes |
| amino acid | any one of about 20 different organic molecules that are used to make proteins |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| mitochondrion | found in eukaryotic cells, the organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration |
| chloroplasts | organelles in plant and algae cells in which photosynthesis takes place |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants and algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment |
| Golgi complex | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
| vesicle | small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell |
| lysosome | cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| vacuole | organelle that stores water and other materials |
| multicellular organism | living thing made up of many cells |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| organ | collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform body functions |
| organism | a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently |
| structure | arrangement of parts in an organism |
| function | special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part |
| unicellular organism | living thing made up of one cell |
| cytoskeleton | a web of proteins in the cytoplasm |
