| A | B |
|---|
| Cell | The smallest functional unit of living organisms |
| Homeostasis | the ability to maintain an environment without changing |
| Common cell structures | cell membrane & cytoplasm & DNA & ribosomes |
| Two Major Cell Types | prokaryotic and eukaryotic |
| Prokaryotic | cells that do not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryotic | cells that do contain a nucleus and many organelles |
| Animal cells | eukaryotic cells that do not contain chloroplasts or a cell wall |
| Plant cells | eukaryotic cells that do not contain centrioles or cilia or flagella |
| Amoeba | a single celled eukaryotic organism |
| Paramecium | a single celled eukaryotic organism |
| Bacteria | a prokaryotic organism |
| Cell membrane structure | a lipid bilayer embedded with cholesterol & proteins |
| Cell membrane function | controls what enters and leave the cell |
| Concentration Gradient | Difference in concentration between two regions |
| Equilibrium | no Difference in concentration between two regions |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
| Tonicity | The relative difference in solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane |
| Hypertonic solution | a solution in which the concentration outside is greater than inside cell |
| Hypotonic solution | a solution in which the concentration outside is less than inside cell |
| Isotonic solution | a solution in which the concentration outside is equal to inside cell |
| Passive Transport | Does not require energy because it does with the concentration gradient |
| Active transport | requires energy because molecules are either too large or must go agaiants the concentration gradient |
| Types of passive transport | simple diffusion & osmosis & facilitated diffusion |
| Facilitated diffusion | Diffusion that requires a transport protein |
| Bulk transport | use vesicles to transport large materials or large volumes into or out of the cell |
| Endocytosis | transport using vesicles to move materials into the cell |
| Exocytosis | transport using vesicles to move materials out of the cell |
| Phagocytosis | endocytosis of solid materials |
| Pinocytosis | endocytosis of liquid materials |
