| A | B |
|---|
| upper urinary structures | kidneys, renal pelves & ureters |
| lower urinary structures | bladder, urethra & pelvic floor muscle |
| bladder holds how many ml | 500 |
| BUN normals | 7-20 mg |
| creatinine normals | .06-1.5 |
| elevations in both BUN and creatinine mean | kidney dysfunction |
| glomerulonephritis is | inflammation but noninfectious w/widespread kidney damage |
| one major s/s of glomerulonephritis is | big eyes - periorbital edema |
| BUN and Creatine both have to go up to | be renal issue |
| disease that accounts for 40% of all dialysis | glomerulonephritis |
| ARF - three categories | prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal disorders |
| hormone produced by kidney | erythropoietin |
| erythropoietin is needed for | red blood cell production |
| pacer maker of the bladder | sacral nerve |
| autoimmune is | systematic - thruout entire body |
| bladder stones report immediately | gross hematuria |
| cystoscopy is | visualize inside of bladder using scope |
| specific gravity in urine | 1.003 - 1.029 |
| pH | 4.5 -7.5 |
| potassium | 3.5 -5 |
| what is in urine | water sodium chloride, bicarbonate potassium urea creatinine uric acid |
| urine specific gravity | measures kidneys ability to concentrate and excrete urine |
| urine specific gravity how measured | density of urine compared to density of distilled water |
| urine protein - to identify what | renal disease - protein is minimal in urine |
| creatinine is | substance result from break down of amino acid waste |
| creatinine also determines | muscle necrosis and atrophy |
| why blood chemistry | when nephrons fail to remove wast products, ALL blood chemistry will be altered |
| most common urologic disorders | infectious and inflammatory |
| pyelonephritis | bacterial infect of kidney and lining |
| pyelonephritis acute v chronic | acute - kidneys large - chronic kidneys small |
| polyuria and nocturia develop when | tubules of nephrons fail to reabsorb water efficiently |
| what causes acute glomerulonephritis | upper R infect, STREP, impetigo mumps, HebB |
| chronic glomerulonephritis is ____ damage | irreversible to nephrons |
| treatment for chronic glomeru | bedrest, sodium restrict, antibotics, vit & iron - dylasis |
| generalized edema is called | anascara |
| why do you have low RBC | excretion of erythrocytes - |
| urolithiasis | condition of stones |
| causes of stones | increase calicum in urine, dehydrate, UTI, obstructive etc |
| drainage of urine from kidney is done when | post surigical - from obstruction - uses nephrostome tube |
| diet recommendation to prevent stones | reduce - protein, sodium - do not limit calcium |
