| A | B |
|---|
| earthquake | the shaking and trembling of the Earth’s crust |
| faulting | The most common cause of earthquakes |
| tsunamis | giant sea waves |
| seismic waves | earthquake waves |
| Primary Waves | these travel the fastest and can pass through solids, liquids, and gases |
| Secondary Waves | travel slower than P waves, can pass through solids only |
| Surface Waves | These waves cause most of the damage and destruction during an earthquake |
| seismograph | an instrument that detects and measures seismic waves |
| focus | The actual point beneath the Earth’s surface where an earthquake occurs |
| epicenter | The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus |
| seismologist | A scientist that studies earthquakes |
| Richter Scale | The most commonly used method for measuring the strength |
| magma | molten rock beneath the Earth's surface |
| lava | molten rock above the Earth's surface |
| volcano | The point of the Earth’s surface where magma, heat, and dissolved gases are released |
| volcanic dust | The smallest particles released into the air when a volcano erupts |
| volcanic ash | medium-sized particles thrown into the air when a volcano erupts |
| volcanic bombs | the largest particles thrown into the air when a volcano erupts |
| Cinder Cone | very violent and explosive eruptions |
| Shield Volcano | very gentle and quiet eruptions |
| Composite Volcano | A violent eruption followed by several gentle eruptions |
| Active | erupts continually or periodically |
| Dormant | low chance of eruption |
| Extinct | “no” chance of eruption |
| The Ring of Fire | surrounds nearly the entire coast of the Pacific Ocean |
| Mediterranean Zone | earthquake and volcano zone that extends through the Mediterranean Sea |
| Mid-Atlantic Ridge | zone located in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean |
