| A | B |
| precedents | traditions established |
| Thomas Jefferson | Led the State Department under George Washington |
| Alexander Hamilton | Handled financial matters under Washington |
| cabinet | The president's closest advisors who are department heads |
| uniform | standard |
| John Jay | First Supreme Court chief justice |
| Bill of Rights | Dec. 1791, states ratified 10 amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing civil liberties |
| national debt | The amount of money owed by the nation's government. |
| bonds | Paper notes promising to repay the money in a certain length of time. |
| accumulated | collected |
| unconstitutional | Inconsistent with the Constitution. |
| tariff | A tax on imports. |