| A | B |
|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| -oma | tumor |
| adenoma | tumor of a gland |
| -itis | inflammation |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| arthr/o | joint |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints |
| opthalm/o | eye |
| -logy | study of |
| derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
| opthalmology | study of the eye |
| dermatology | study of the skin |
| psych/o | mind |
| psychology | study of the mind |
| gastroenterology | study of the stomach and intestines |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| cyanosis | of blueness, due to cold or low oxygen |
| appendectomy | to remove the appendix |
| tracheotomy | to cut into the windpipe, temporary opening |
| colostomy | to make a permanent opening in colon |
| anemia | literally no blood but means few red cells |
| microstomia | abnormally small mouth |
| macrostomia | abnormally large mouth |
| megacolon | abnormally large colon large intestine |
| colonoscopy | look into colon |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| tonsillectomy | to remove the tonsils |
| nephrologist | a doctor who specializes in the kidneys |
| cardi/o | heart |
| brady/tachy | slow/fast |
| angi/o | vessel |
| angiogram | x-ray of an artery |
| veno/phlebo | vein |
| -statis | to stop |
| -cyte | cell |
| hem/o, -emia | blood |
| phlebitis | inflammation of veins |
| hemostat | a clamp-like instrument |
| leucocytes | white blood cells |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| venogram | X-ray of veins |
| hemostasis | to stop bleeding |
| hypoxemia | low oxygen |
| hematosalpinx | blood in the uterine tubes |
| cephal/o | head |
| encephal/o | inside the head (brain) |
| mening/o | membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| neur/o | nerve |
| dys | difficult, painful, abnormal |
| -cele | hernia, abnormal protrusion of structure out of normal anatomical position |
| -pathy | disease, abnormality |
| -plasia | development, formation, growth |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| aplasia | no development |
| hyperplasia | over development |
| cephalgia | a headache |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| anencephalic | born without a brain |
| meningitis | inflammation of the membranes |
| myelogram | x-ray of the spinal cord |
| neuroma | tumor |
| neuritis | inflammation |
| dyslexia | difficulty reading |
| meningomyelocele | protrusion of membranes and spinal cord |
| encephalopathy | disease of the brain |
| neuropathy | disease of the nerves |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| -iasis, (-osis) | abnormal condition |
| cholelithotripsy | smashing gall stones with sound waves |
| diarrhea | excessive and frequent evacuation of watery feces, usually indicating gastrointestinal distress or disorder |
| cholelithiasis | presence of gall stones causing symptoms |
| emesis | vomiting |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Crohn's Disease | chronic inflammation of the bowel |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity |
| gastroenterologist | a doctor who specializes in the digestive system |
| proctologist | a doctor who specializes in diseases of the rectum and anus |
| liver scan | imaging tumors in the liver using radioactive element |
| Guaiac Test (hemoccult, fecult) | test to identify blood in stool |
| GERD | Gastroesophegeal Reflux Disease |
| Gastroesophegeal Reflux Disease | severe heartburn |
| jaundice | yellowing of skin and whites of eyes |
| diverticulosis / diverticulitits | small pouches formed along the wall of the large intestine |
| cirrhosis | literally, "orange - yellow", degenerative disease of the liver |
| GI tract | gastrointestinal tract |
| upper GI series | patient swallows barium for x-ray of esophagus, stomach, and small intestines |
| lower GI series | series of x-rays using a barium enima to show the large intestine and rectum |
| endoscopy | visually examine the esophagus, stomach and large bowel |
| colonoscopy | visually examine the large intetine |
| ultrasonography / ultrasound | using high frequency sound waves to visualize internal organs |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| chol/e | gall, bile |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac |
| emes/o | vomit |
| lith/o | stone |
| lapar/o | abdominal wall |
| -centesis | to puncture |
| -tripsy | to crush |
| -rrhea | flow, discharge |
| -iasis(-osis) | abnormal condition |
| cholelithotripsy | smashing gall stones with sound waves |
| diarrhea | excessive and frequent evacuation of watery feces, usually indicating gastrointestinal distress or disorder |
| cholelithiasis | presence of gall stones causing symptoms |
| emesis | vomiting |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastrectomy | removal of the stomach(part of the stomach) |
| cholecystectomy | removal of the gall bladder |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of thegall bladder |
| cholelithotomy | removal of gall stones |
| laparotomy | cutting into the abdomen |
| abdominocentesis | puncturing and draining |
| emetic | stimulating vomiting |
| antimetic | stopping vomiting |
| Rhin/o | Nose |
| Laryng/o | Larynx, "voice box" |
| Trache/o | Trachea, "windpipe" |
| Bronch/o | Lung air passageways |
| Pne/u, -pnea | Breath, air, lung |
| Pulmo/o | Lung |
| -ptysis | Spitting (coughing) |
| -plasty | Reconstruction |
| Rhinoplasty | surgical reconstruction of nose |
| Pulmonary artery | artery of the lung |
| Hemoptysis | spitting or coughing up blood from lungs |
| Rhinitis | inflammation of nose |
| rhinorrhea | "runny" nose |
| Laryngotomy | cutting into the larynx |
| Laryngectomy | surgically removing the larynx |
| Tracheotomy | incistion / temporary opening of the windpipe |
| tracheostomy | permanent opening of the windpipe |
| Bronchoscopy | looking into the bronchi |
| Tachypnea | accelerated breathing |
| dyspnea | difficult / painful breathing |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| Nephr/o, ren/o | Kidney |
| Hydro/o | Water |
| Cyst/o | Bladder |
| Pyel/o | Renal collecting ducts |
| Ur/o, -uria | Urine |
| Olig/o | Scanty, less than normal |
| -pexy | To surgically reattach, fix in normal position |
| Nephritis | inflammation of the kidneys |
| renal artery | artery of the kidneys |
| Hydronephrosis | abnormal condition involving back up of urine into the kidney |
| Cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| cystectomy | removal of bladder |
| Pyelogram | X-ray of the renal collecting ducts |
| Polyuria | frequent urination |
| anuria | no urine formation |
| Oliguria | reduced urine formation |
| Nephropexy | surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position |
| nephrosis | noninflammatory disease of the kidneys |
| nephrolith | a kidney stone |
| urethra | final pathway for urine in both sexes, common pathway for urine and semen in the male |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| nocturia | frequently getting up and urinating during the night |
| enuresis | involuntary release of urine, "bedwetting" |
| nephrologist | physician specializing in kidney disease |
| urologist | physician specializing in diseases of the lower urinary tract and male reproductive system |
| lower urinary tract | the bladder and urethra |
| cystoscopy | looking into the urinary bladder |
| dialysis | a procedure for cleansing the blood of waste products in patients with kidney failure |
| Orchid/o, test/o | Testes (male gonad) |
| Balan/o | Head of the penis |
| Andr/o | Male |
| Prostat/o | Prostate |
| Vas/o | Vessel, duct |
| -rrhaphy | To suture |
| orchiditis | inflammation of the testes |
| orchidectomy | removal of testes |
| testosterone | male sex hormone |
| Balanitis | inflammation of the head of the penis |
| Androgenic | stimulating maleness |
| androgynous | characteristics of male and female appearance |
| Prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
| prostatectomy | removal of the prostate |
| vasectomy | cutting the duct that carries semen from the testes |
| Vas deferens | duct carrying semen from testes |
| Herniorrhaphy | surgical correction of inguinal hernia |
| Hypospadias | literally "below the fleshy spike" |
| Hydrocele | a fluid filled sac partially surrounding the testis |
| Varicocele | dilated and twisted veins of the testis |
| Cryptorchidism | literally "hidden testicle" |
| Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) | swelling of the prostate gland causing difficulty urinating, dribbling, and nocturia |
| Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | the surgical cure for BPH |
| Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) | PSA is a marker protein for prostate cell secretions which can be detected with a lab test |
| Hyster/o, metr/o | Uterus |
| Salping/o, -salpinx | Uterine tube |
| Colp/o | Vagina |
| Oophor/o | Ovary |
| Men/o | Menstruation |
| Mamm/o, mast/o | Breast |
| -pareunia, coitus | Intercourse |
| endometritis | inflammation of the lining of uterus |
| Hysterectomy | removal of the uterus |
| Salpingitis | inflammation of the uterine tubes |
| hematosalpinx | blood in the uterine tube |
| colpoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the vagina |
| Colporrhaphy | suturing a tear of the vagina |
| colposcopy | viewing the interior of the vigina |
| Oophorectomy | removal of the ovaries |
| oophoropexy | surgery fixation, reattachment of the ovaries |
| Menarche | first period |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation |
| Mammogram | x-ray of the breast(s) |
| mastectomy | removal of breast(s) |
| Dyspareunia | painful intercourse |
| precoital | before intercourse |
| postcoital | after intercourse |
| -gravida | Pregnancy |
| -para | Live birth |
| Part/o, toc/o | Labor/birth/delivery |
| Nulligravida | never pregnant |
| primigravida | first-time pregnant |
| multigravida | many pregnancies |
| Nullipara | no live births |
| multipara | many live births |
| Prepartum | before delivery |
| postpartum | after delivery |
| dystocia | difficult delivery |
