| A | B |
|---|
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA, unit of heredity made of repeating necleotides. Large macromolecule that makes up chromosomes. Contains the code in nitogen bases that makes proteins. |
| Nucleotide | monomer and building blocks of DNA or RNA. Made of a sugar, bonded to three or four oxygens, part of DNA |
| Nitrogen base | A part of DNA. the four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine |
| Purine | two- ringed structure composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms: Adenine and Guanine |
| Pyrimidine - Pyrimidine | a one ring compound of carbon and nitrogen: Cytosine and Thymine |
| Complementary base pairing | the act in which a base type will only bond with one other base type ( A bonds to T and Cbonds to G) in DNA |
| Double Helix | the sprial arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA |
| Hydrogen Bonds | The weak bonds between the nitrogen bases |
| Covalent Bonds | The chemical bond that shares electrons. In DNA the covalent bonds are between the phosphate and the sugar and the sugar and the nitrogen base |
| Anti parallel | two side- by- side moleciles that run in opposite directions. The DNA strands run antiparrallel. |
| Semi conservative replication | the method by which DNA is replicated in all known cells with one parent strand and one new strand |
| Replication Fork | a Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and the replication |
| Helicase | The enzyme that unwinds and separates the DNA molecule prior to replication |
| DNA polymerase | The enzyme that adds new nucleotodes to the parent strand in DNA replication |
| Gene mutation | an error that nitrogen bases that code for a wrong protein or characteristic ( ex. Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia) |
| Chromosome mutation | A change in the chromosome structure or number ( ex. Downs syndrome, Klinefelters) |
