| A | B |
|---|
| The study of genetics | heredity |
| The likelihood a particular event with occur | probability |
| An organism that always produces offspring with the same trait as the parent | purebred |
| Factors that control traits | genes |
| Different forms of the same gene, that control the inheritance of the trait | allele |
| A trait that always shows up when the allele is present | dominant allele |
| A trait that is masked if the dominant allele is present | recessive allele |
| Having two different alleles for the same trait | hybrid |
| Physical characteristics | traits |
| First scientists to recognize principles of probability and how they affect genetic crosses | Gregor Mendel |
| A chart that shows the possible combination of alleles in a genetic cross | Punnett Square |
| Two identical alleles for a trait | homozygous |
| Two different or opposite alleles for the same trait | heterozygous |
| An example of alleles being neither dominant nor recessive, both alleles are present in the offspring | codominance |
| A physical appearance, or visible trait | phenotype |
| An organisms allele combination, genetic cross represented by a code | genotype |
| A female sex cell | egg |
| A male sex cell | sperm |
| The separation and replication of sex cells, resulting in half of the chromosomes from each parent being passed to an offspring | meiosis |
| A rod shaped structure, containing DNA, which carries genetic information and carries traits from parent to offspring | chromosomes |
