| A | B |
|---|
| Radical Republicans | a congressman who, after the Civil War, favored using the government to create a new order in the South and to give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote |
| Reconstruction | the process the U.S. government used to readmit the Confederate states to the Union after the Civil War |
| Freedmen's Bureau | a federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War |
| Andrew Johnson | served as vice-president under Lincoln; became president when Lincoln was killed in April 1865 |
| black codes | law passed by Southern states that limited the freedon of former slaves |
| civil rights | rights granted to all citizens |
| Fourteenth Amendment | an ammendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1868, that made all persons, born or naturalized in the United States- including former slaves-citizens of the country |
| freedmen's school | a school set up to educate newly freed African Americans |
| sharecropping | a system in which landowners gave farm workers land, seed, and tools in return for a part of the crops they raised |
| Ku Klux Klan | a group formed in 1866 that wanted to restore Democratic control of the South and to keep former slaves powerless; the group called for a "racially and morally pure" America |
| lynch | to kill on the spot without a trial as punishment for a supposed crime |
| Fifteenth Amendment | passed in 1870, this ammendment to the U.S. Constitution stated that citizens could not be stopped from voting "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude" |
| Compromise of 1877 | officially ended Reconstruction in the South by pulling the northern army out of the former CSA |
| Thirteenth Amendment | officially made slavery illegal |
| 40 Acres and a Mule | slaves would be given 40 acres of farmland and a mule to work the land by the government to, • 40,000 freed slaves received land, but no mules, laws were passed a few months later that took away their land (1,565 families were able to keep their land) |
| First Reconstruction Act | Called for the creation of new governments in the Southern states. In addition, the former CSA was broken down into 5 military districts which were governed by the US military |
| Prejudice | Prejudice literally means "prejudgment." A prejudice is a preconceived negative opinion or attitude about a group of people. |
| stereotype | Stereotype means "set image." The word comes from the process of making metal plates for printing. When applied to people, stereotyping refers to forming an instant or fixed picture of a group of people, usually based on false or incomplete information. Stereotypes ignore the fact that no two human beings are identical. Stereotypes are often negative. |
| discrimination | Discrimination is anything that has the effect, intentional or not, of limiting the opportunities of certain individuals or groups because of personal characteristics such as race or color. Unlike prejudice, discrimination is an effect or result, not an attitude. Discrimination sometimes results from prejudice or stereotypes. |
