| A | B |
|---|
| Western civilization | includes Europe and the Americas/ ideas come from ancient Greeks |
| peninsula | land surrounded by water on three sides; Greece is this |
| Ionia | land along the coast of Asia Minor (Turkey) that Athens sent ships to help |
| Persian Empire | was at war with the Greek city-states |
| sea traders | how Greeks made a living, other than farming |
| olives, grapes | primary crops of Greek farmers |
| Minoans | sea traders who built a civilization on the island of Crete |
| Mycenaeans | nomads from central Asia who migrated to the Greek peninsula to live |
| Trojan War | war between the Mycenaeans and the city of Troy; Homer's Iliad is based on what happened |
| Homer | author of the greatest Greek poems- the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Odyssey | poem that tells of Odysseus and his journey home from the Trojan War |
| Iliad | poem that tells what happened in the Trojan War |
| Dark Age of Greece | time when writing and trade stopped in ancient Greece |
| Hellenes | people of the Greek peninsular and Ionia; today known as "Greeks" |
| aristocrats | rich landowners |
| tyrants | took power from the aristocrats and gave citizens a voice in the government |
| Athens | Greek city-state where the world's first form of democracy began |
| Sparta | Greek city-state known for its great soldiers and military training |
| King Darius I | leader of the Persian Empire who attacked the Athenians for helping the Ionians |
| Marathon | battle where the Athenians defeated the Persians (under Darius) and forced them to leave Greece |
| Xerxes | son of King Darius I, he invaded Greece a 2nd time |
| Salamis | final battle between the Persian Empire and Greeks; the Greeks won and preserved their way of life |
| Asia | where the Persian Empire was located |
| Europe | where Greece is located |
| Aegean Sea | body of water that separated Greece from the Persian Empire |
| citizen | a person born within a city-state or country |
| city-state | an independent area with a central city and land surrounding it |
