| A | B |
|---|
| Caudillo | strong ruler who used military force to rule and were supported by landed elites. |
| Landed elites | owned large amounts of land and could control farming and resources. |
| Santa Ana | caudillos who ruled Mexico from 1833 – 1855. Corrupt, misused state funds. Mexican settlers revolted against his rule |
| Benito Juarez | a Mexican national hero, reformer who ruled Mexico after Santa Anna. |
| Liberal reforms | like separation of church and state, land reforms that brought land to the poor, educational reform |
| Juan Manual de Rosas | powerful and highly supported caudillo who brought radical change to Argentina. |
| New Imperialism | Politically no longer colonies of Europe, but economically still dependent on Western nations |
| Persistent inequality | landowners controlled economy and government and more people became poor |
| Cuba | became an American protectorate in 1898 |
| Puerto Rico | was annexed to the US in 1898 Puerto Rico |
| Panama Canal | cut travel time between NY and California – joins Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. |
| Nicaragua | Central American State |
| Portoirio Diaz | ruled 1877 and 1911. Under his rule wages declined-95% of population didn’t own land. |
| Francisco Madero | took over after Diaz and was overthrown because he was ineffective. |
| Emilio Zapata | revolutionary leader of Mexico who aroused the peasants to seize the estates of wealthy landowners |
