| A | B |
|---|
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| trait | an inherited characteristic |
| dominant trait | the trait that appears when at least one dominant allele for the trait is inherited |
| recessive trait | the trait that hides in the background when a dominant allele is present |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures that carry genes |
| genes | segments of DNA that specify a trait |
| alleles | different forms of the same gene |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes with matching information |
| genotype | inherited combination of alleles |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance or visible traits |
| homozygous | alleles that are the same |
| heterozygous | alleles that are different |
| purebred | an organism with alleles that are alike for a trait |
| hybrid | an organism with alleles that are different for a trait |
| probability | the mathematical likelihood that an event will occur |
| Punnett square | a table used to predict the possible offspring from the genotypes of the parents |
| mitosis | cell division in eukaryotic cells that produces body cells or simple organism |
| meiosis | the process that produces sex cells |
| asexual reprouction | reproduction that creates offspring identical to the parents |
| sexual reproduciton | reproduction that creates genetic variety since traits are donated by 2 parents |
| selective breeding | humans select desirable traits in the parent organisms they would like passed to the offspring |
| genetic engineering | segments of genetic information are removed from one organism and placed in another |
