| A | B |
|---|
| Transmission of organisms is by | direct contact and indirect contact |
| Indirect contact is from | fomites and vectors |
| example of fomite | Dust, Moisture droplet, food, water, OR table |
| example of vector | fly, tic, dog, mosquitoe |
| Pathway for invasion of organisms | body orifice, duct, broken vessels |
| patient conditions that encourage infection | ilmmune suppressed, lack of barriers, necrotic tissue |
| 4 needs for infection to occur | invasion, pt. condition, number/dose, virulence |
| virulence measured by | spore formation, toxin production |
| Portals of entry | nose, mouth, eyes, ears, urethra, vagina, rectum, broken skin, placenta |
| factors for organism growth | warm, moist, dark, neutral pH, food |
| Potentially infectious material | any body substance / fluid |
| Ways to protect portals of entry | goggles, mask, gloves, gown, condom |
| Procedures to protect portals of entry | Standard Precautions |
| Potentially infections | must be considered aspossibly infected |
| how to break Chain of Infection | ID resevoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host |
| abscess formation | enzymes dissolve fiber, pus formation, area walled off |
| regional infection | infection spread by lymph system to larger area |
| system infection | bacteria enter circulation and stresses organs |
| after identifying an infection | ID the organism and immune response and treat as needed |
| Types of infections | Local, regiona, systemic |
| Who can be infected | OR staff and patient |
| OR staff protect themselves by | Personal Protective Equipment |
| Treatment of an abscess | Incision and Drainage |
| Infection risks for staff relates to | relative proximity to patient, |
| Vulnerable patients include | immunosuppression, smoker, diabetic, pulmonary disease, age |
| community acquired infection | chicken pox and measles |
| communicable infection | infection occurs with direct contact |
| spontaneous infection | appendicitis, civerticulitis - treated surgically |
| nosocomial infections are | hospital associated infections |
| most nosomial infections are | in unrelated organs, lungs, bladder |
| endogenous infections come from | outside the body - cross contamination |
| endogenous infections come from | inside the body - intestinal flora |
| stages of infection | incubation, prodromal, acute and convalescent |
| acute infection | get sick quickly and then get better |
| chronic infection | occurs over a long period of time |
| type of chronic infection | bone infection, nail fungus |
| Post op wound nfections / SSI | occur between 30days and 1 year after surgery |
| incisional SSI | involves skin to muscle with pus |
| Deep wound SSI | involves tissue below fascia and necrosis or implant |
| Implant SSI | occurs within one year of implant |
