| A | B |
|---|
| accessory pigment | a pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers energy to chlrophylla in photosynthesis |
| adenosine diphosphate | a substance involved in energy metabolism formed by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate |
| adenosine triphosphate | ATP - a molecule present in all living cells and acting as an energy source for metabolic processes |
| biochemical pathway | a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction |
| Calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photsynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrate |
| thylakoid | a flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast; contains most of the components involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| carbon fixation | the incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds |
| carotenoid | a light absorbing compound that functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis |
| chemiosmosis | a process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| chlorophyll | a class of light absorbing pigments used in photosynthesis |
| chemoautotroph | an organism that synthesizes organic compounds using chemicals instead of light |
| chemosynthesis | the production of carbohydrates through the use of energgy from inorganic molecules instead of light |
| electron transport chain | molecules in the thylakoid membrane that use some of the enregy in electons to pump protons across the membrane |
| granum | a stack of thylakoids in the chloroplast |
| light reactions | the initial reactions in photosynthesis, including the absorption of light by photosystems I and II, the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and oixygen and the synthesis of ATP through chemisosmosis |
| PGA | a three carbon molecule formed in the first step of the Calvin Cycle |
| PGAL | a three carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and can be used to make other organic compounds |
| photosynthesis | the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds |
| photosystem | in plants, a unit of several hundred chlorophyll molecules and carotenoid pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane |
| plastids | A group of membrane‐bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms and mainly responsible for the synthesis and storage of food |
| cellular respiration | A complex set of chemical reactions involving an energy transformation where potential chemical energy in the bonds of “food” molecules is released and partially captured in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules |
| pigment | in plants a compound that abosrbs light and imparts color |
| primary electron acceptor | a molecule in th thylakoid membrane that accepts the electrons that chlorophyll a loses in the light reactions |
| chloroplast | An organelle found in plant cells and the cells of other eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms where photosynthesis occurs |
| stoma | one of many small pores usually located on the underside of a leaf; aids in gas exchange |
| stroma | in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| visible spectrum | the portion of sunlight perceived by the human eye as various colors |
| wavelength | the distance between crests in a wave, light travels in waves and the pigments are able to absorb different wavelengths of light |
| bioenergetics | the study of energy flow (energy transformations) into and within living systems |
