| A | B |
|---|
| John Quincy Adams | New England's choice to replace Monroe as president, became president in 1824 |
| Andrew Jackson | Westerner's choice to replace Monroe as president, became president in 1828 |
| Jacksonian democracy | the idea of spreading political power to all the people, thereby ensuring majority rule |
| spoils system | the practice of winning candidates giving government jobs to political backers or supporters |
| Sequoya | Cherokee who invented a writing system for the Cherokee language without ever having learned to read or write |
| Indian Removal Act | this 1830 act called for the governemnt to negotiate treaties that would require Native American to relocate west |
| Indian Territory | present-day Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska to which Native Americans were moved under the Indian Removal Act of 1830 |
| Trail of Tears | the tragic journey of the Cherokee people from their homeland to Indian Territory between 1838 and 1839; thousands of Cherokee died |
| Osceola | important leader in Second Seminole War, who refused to leave Florida in 1835 |
| John C. Calhoun | Jackson's vice-president who proposed the doctrine of nullification |
| Tariff of Abominations | an 1828 law that raised the tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods; it upset Southerners who felt that economic interests of the Northeast were determining national economic policy |
| doctrine of nullification | a right of a state to reject a federal law that it considers unconstitutional |
| Webster-Hayne debate | an 1830 debate between Daniel Webster and Robet Hayne over the doctrine of nullification |
| Daniel Webster | senator from Massachusetts who agrued that the people not the states made the Union |
| secession | withdrawal |
| inflation | an increase in the price of goods and services and a decrease in the value of money |
| Martin Van Buren | Jackson's vice-president who was elected president in 1836. One month after election, Panic of 1837 began |
| Panic of 1837 | a financial crisis in which banks closed and the credit system collapsed |
| depression | a severe economic slump |
| Whig Party | a political party organized in 1834 to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson |
| William Henry Harrison | of Ohio, chosen by the Whigs to run for president in 1840 |
| John Tyler | of Virginia, chosen by the Whigs to run for vice-president in 1840 |
