| A | B |
|---|
| Plasma Membrane | Separates the internal metabolic events from the external environment. |
| Lipid Bilayer | The double phospholipid membrane that makes up the cell membrane. |
| Peripheral Proteins | Proteins that attach loosely to the inner or outer surface of the membrane. |
| Integral Proteins | Proteins that may span across the membrane, appearing at both surfaces. |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | The structure of proteins scattered throughout the plasma membrane within a flexible matrix of phospholipid molecules. |
| Channel Proteins | Provide Open passageways through the membrane for certain hydrophilic subsances such as polar and charged molecules. |
| Ion Channels | Allow the passage of ions across the membrane. |
| Porins | Proteins that allow the passage of certain ions and small polar molecules through membranes. |
| Aquaporins | dramatically increase the passage rate of H2O molecules. |
| Recognition Proteins | give each cell type a unique identification. |
| Adhesion proteins | attach to cells to neighboring cells or provide anchors for the internal filaments and tubules that give stability to the cell. |
| Receptor Proteins | attach cells to neighboring cells or provide anchors for the internal filaments and tubules that give stability to the cell. |
| Cholesterol | molecules distributed throughout the phospholipid brilayer provide some rigidity to the plasma membranes of ANIMAL cells. |
| Glycocalyx | a carbohydrate coat that covers the outer face of cell wall of some bacteria and the outer face of the plasma membrane of certain animal cells. |
| Ribosome | Manufactured in the nucleus. Makes proteins. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Creates glycoproteins by attaching polysaccharide groups to polypeptides as they are assembled in ribosomes. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Responsible for the synthesis of lipids and hormones, especially in cells that produce these substances for export from the cell. In liver cells it is involved in breakdown of toxins, drugs, and toxic by-products from cell respiration. |
| Golgi Apparatus | a group of flattened sacs arranged like a stack of bowls. They modify and package proteins and lipids into vesicles. |
| Vesicles | Small, spherically shaped sacs that bud from the outside surface of the Golgi Apparatus. They often migrage and merge with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents to the outside of the cell. |
| Lysosomes | Vesicles from a golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes. They break down food, cellular debris, and foreign invaders such as bacteria. |
| Peroxisomes | break down various substances, including hydrogen peroxide, fatty acids, and amino acids. |
| Mitochondria | Carry out aerobic respiration. |
| Chloroplasts | Carry out photosynthesis. |
| Microtubules | Provide support and motility for cellular activities. |
| Intermediate Filaments | Provide support for maintaining the shape of the cell. |
| Microfilaments | Involved in cell motility. |
| Centriols | Give rise to the spindle fibers during cell division. |
| Vacuoles | Fluid-filled, membrane-bound bodies. |
| Cell Junctions | Serve to anchor the cells to one another or to provide a passageway for cellular exchange. |
| Prokaryotes | Have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. |
| Eukaryotes | Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelle.s |
