| A | B |
|---|
| 2 types of renal failure | ARF - CRF |
| 4 phases of ARF | initiation, oliguric, diuretic, recovery |
| most common type of renal failure | acute |
| initation phase | starts w/onset with decreased blood flow |
| oliguric phase | less than adequate urinary volume |
| fluid volume excess leads to | edema |
| diuretic phase | begins as nehrons recover |
| recovery phase | glomerular filtration function retored 1 or more years |
| CRF is usually associated with | intrarenal conditions - lupus, diabetes |
| 3 stages of CRF | reduced renal reserve, renal insufficiency, end stage |
| end stage the skin becomes | uremicfrost - sub the kidneys secrete come out skin |
| ARF - 3 types | prerenal, intrrenal, postrenal |
| most common causes of ARF - prerenal | fluid volume loss - surgery, trauma, burns HF sepsis |
| intrarenal is what | conditions w/n kidney itself that destroys nephrons |
| postrenal is | obstructive problems below kidneys - stones, tumor prostate, foley |
| S/S for both ARF and CRF | high BP, wt gain, low urine output |
| S/S for CRF | face puffy, pale, ulcerations/bleeding GI, pruritus, dry scaly skin, oral mucus bleed |
| azotemia | both BUN and creatinine are elevated |
| CRF electrolyte imbalance | hypoatremia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesima, hypocalcima |
| CRF - fluid volume and BP | renin released then angiotensin is converted by renin, BP and thirst |
| aldosterone is a | volume regulator - released in response to renin |
| osteodystophy | bones become demineralized because of vit K |
| dopamine | low doses increase renal profusion |
| renagel | GIVE WITH FOOD - binds to phosphorus in GI tract |
| epogen | stimulates RBC |
| dialysis - what is it | procedure for cleaning and filtering blood |
| dialysate - what is it | solution used during dialysis |
| hemodialysis | transporting blood from pt thru dialyzer |
| 2 ways for hemodialysis | arteriovenous fistula or graft |
| arteriovenous fistula | vessels joined - better patent w/few complications |
| arteriovenous graft | uses tube of synthetic material - connect vein & artery in upper arm or leg |
| nursing management dialysis | s/s over fistula infection, color nail beds, wash skin, avoid puncture to same site |
| most important nursing management dialysis | palpate for THRILL, BRUIT - NO INJECTIONS 2 hrs after |
| disequilibrium syndrome | neurologic condition - shift in cerebral fluid - solute is lowered rapidly |
| s/s disequilibrium syndrome | h/a, disorientation, restlessness, blurred vision, suizers |
| teaching hemodialysis | no carry heavy objects, loose sleeve clothes, sleep, no BP or punctures on side |
| what should dialysis pt do daily | wash site, listen for thrill and bruit |
| peritoneal dialysis | uses peritoneum, osmotic effect - drained by cath |
| 3 types peritoneal dialysis | CAPD, CCPD, IPD |
| peritoneal dialysis RISKS | peritonitis - s/s acute pain, rigid board like abd, fever |
| all renal pt need strict ___ and ___ | I&O and daily weight |
