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| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductve cells join to form a new cell |
| true-breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| trait | specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| gene | sequence of DNA that determines a trait |
| allele | one of many different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| gamete | specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction |
| probability | likehood that a particular event will occur |
| punnett square | diagram showing the gene combination that might result from a genetic cross |
| homozyous | term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| dominant | one of any pair of alleles that dominates over the other and appears in the organism |
| recessive | one of any pair of alleles that remains latent when both are present in the germ plasm |
| heredity | the transmission of characteristics from parents to offsprings by means of genes in the chromosomes |
| indepedent assortment | independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| codominance | situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism |
| multiple alleles | more than two alleles for the same trait |
| polygenic traits | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| incomplete dominance | situation in which one alleles is not completely dominant over another |
