| A | B |
|---|
| meiosis | type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell |
| karyotype | display of a person's 46 chromosomes |
| homologous chromosome | one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent |
| sex chromosome | one of two chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individual's gender |
| diploid | having two homologous sets of chromosomes |
| gamete | egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair |
| haploid | having a single set of chromosomes |
| fertilization | the fusion of the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell and the nucleus of a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote |
| zygote | diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell |
| meiosis I | homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids, are separated from one another |
| meiosis II | sister chromatids are separated into haploid cells |
| tetrad | group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromosomes |
| crossing over | exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis |
| genetic recombination | new combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis |
