| A | B |
|---|
| bottom-up processing | analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information |
| top-down processing | information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations |
| Weber's Law | the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount) |
| synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of receiving neuron |
| myelin sheath | a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next; |
| lesion | tissue destruction; a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue |
| hue | the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names, blue, green, and so forth |
| amygdala | two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion |
| glial cells | cells in the nerve system that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
| metacognition | monitoring and managing one's thinking |
| flynn effect | performance is increasing |
| phoneme | the smallest distinctive sound unit of language |
| fixation | the inability to take a new perspective |
| g factor | general intelligence that underlies success on a side variety of tasks |
| sleep apnea | disorder in which people stop breathing during sleep and the decreased blood oxygen wakes the sleeper |
| sleep spindles | bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain activity |
| narcolepsy | sleep attacks: where suffers at any given time can lapse into REM sleep usually about 5 minutes |
| Freud's Dream Theory | Dreams are a means for us to discharge all the unacceptable thoughts and feelings that we censor throughout the day |
| THC | active ingredient: triggers a variety of effects even hallucinations, relaxes and reduces inhibitions |
| Theory X | the belief that people are basically lazy |
