| A | B |
|---|
| Availability Heuristic | If an event comes to mind quickly, we tend to believe that such events are more common. For example, if the plane crash is highly publicized, it can hinder people from flying on plane. |
| Opponent-process theory | visual information is analyzed in terms of the opponent colours. As a result, after staring at the red, we see yellow on a white ground. |
| Perceptual adaptation | In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. |
| Somatic nervous system | This is one of our peripheral nervous system and controls the movements of skeletal muscles. For example, somatic nervous system report my brain the current state of my skeletal muscles and carry instruction back, trigging my hand to turn the page. |
| Reflex | This is the automation responses to stimuli. Pain reflex, for example, occurs when my finger touchs flame and sensory neurons take heat to interneurons in my spinal cord, alerting motor neutons to move muscles in my arm. |
| Egocentrism | This, in a psychological term, means that children are unable to perceive things from other's point of view. For example, children do not know why other's feel depressed and think people as a large breathing dolls. |
| Crystallized Intelligence | This is an accumulated knowlege and it increases over time. |
| Continuous reinforcement | This indicates that the desired response is reinforced everytime it occurs. In this case, learning occurs quickly, but so does extinction. For example, if candy machine fails to deliver a chocolate bar twice in a row, we stop putting money into it, until recovered by spontaneous recovery. |
| Optic nerve | This axons of the ganglion cells converge and carry information to the brain from eye. |
| Law of effect | This is Thorndike's Law of effect. This theory states that rewarded behavior is likely to reoccur and punished behavior is likely to decrease. For example, more people began to clean garbage once those who had done were encouraged. |
| Illusory Correlation | This is a deceived belief that there is a relationship between two things that do not exist, also called the superstitious belief. For example, some believe that more babies born in full moon. |
| Statistical significance | This is a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occured by chance. This also indicates the likelihood that a result will happen by chance. |
| Flashbulb memory | This occurs when the brain commands "capture this" and indicates the clear memory of significant events. For example, we suddenly remember 9/11, yet se forget the new vocab we just memorized. |
| Serial Position effect | This is our tendency to remember anything last and first better than in the middle. As a result, I easily remember first and last term of flash cards. |
| Extrasensory perception | This is the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. This includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. |
| Limbic system | This is a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres. This includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus and is associated with emotions such as fear,aggression and drives those for food and sex. |
| babbling stage | This occurs at about four months, where babies start spontaneously uttering a variety of sounds. These sounds are phonemes from all languages. By about ten months, phoneme sounds outside of the infant's native language. |
| Chunking | This is the process of recalling information by organizing it into each unit. |
| Brainstem | This is the extension of spinal cord and begins where the spinal cord enters the skull and swells. It is responsible for automatic survival function and controls heartbeat and breathing. However, the study proved that human still can live without the top of a brainstem. |
| Implicit memory | This, the long term memory, shows that learning how to do things, skills and retention can happen without recollection of learning. This is processed by the cerebellum and amygdala. |
