| A | B |
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| trade area | an adjacent region within which a city's influence is dominant |
| rank-size rule | holds that in a model urban hierarchy, the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy |
| central place theory | theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another |
| Sunbelt phenomenon | the movement of milloins of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest regions (Sunbelt) of the United States |
| functional zonation | the division of a city into different regions or zones (e.g. residential or industrial) for certain purposes or functions (e.g. housing or manufacturing) |
| zone | areas with relatively uniform land use, for example, an industrial zone or a residential zone |
| central business district | a concentration of business and commerce in the city's downtown |
| central city | the urban area that is not suburban |
| suburb | an outlying, functionally uniform part of an urban area, and is often (but not always) adjacent to the central city. |
| suburbanization | the process by which lands that were previously outside of the urban environment become urbanized, as people and businesses from the city move to these spaces |
| concentric zone model | CBD-(Burgess Model) divides the city into five concentric zones, defined by their function |
| edge cities | a term introduced by American journalist JOel Garreau in order to describe the shifting focus of urbanization in the United States away from the Central Business District (CBD) toward a new loci of economic activity at the urban fringe |
| urban realm | a spatial generalization of the large, late-twentieth-century city in the United States. It is shown to be a widely dispersed, multicentered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones or realms, each focused on its own suburban downtown; the only exception is the shrunken central realm, which is focused on the CBD |
| Griffin-Ford model | a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene |
| disamenity sector | the very poorest of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug-lords |
| McGee model | developed by geographer T.G. McGee, a model showing similar land-use patterns among the medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia |
| shantytowns | Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboardf |
| zoning laws | Legal restrictions on land use that determines what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas. In the United States, areas are most commonly divided into separate zones of residential, retail, or industrial use. |
| redlining | a discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, redlining is officially illegal. |
| blockbusting | rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging people of color to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting outmigration, real estate agents profit through the turnover of properties |
| commercialization | the transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity. |
| gentrification | the rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low-income inner-city residents. |
| tear-downs | Home bought in many American suburbs with the intent of tearing them down and replacing them with much larger homes often referred to as McMassions |
| McMansions | Homes referred to as such because of their "super size" and similarly in appearance to other such homes, homes often built in place of tear-downs in American suburbs. |
| urban sprawl | unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning |
| new urbanism | outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, and urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs. |
| gated communities | restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests. Although predominantly high-income based, in North America gated communities are increasingly a middle-class phenomenon. |
| informal economy | economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product (GNP); as opposed to a formal economy. |
| world city | dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. Not the world's biggest city in terms of population or industrial output, but rather centers of strategic control of the world economy. |
| primate city | a country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) he capital city as well |
| spaces of consumption | areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services, driven primarily by the global media industry |
