| A | B |
|---|
| Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon | The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. |
| Hippocampus | A neural centre located in the limbic system that hepls process explicit memories for storage. |
| Manifest Content | According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream. |
| Morpheme | In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). |
| Heuristic | A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |
| Imprinting | The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. |
| Intrinsic Motivation | A desire to perform a behaviour for its own sake and to be effective. |
| James-Lange Theory | The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. |
| Operant Conditioning | A type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. |
| Medulla | The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breating. |
| Mental Set | A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem. |
| Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. |
| Rooting Reflex | A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple. |
| Placebo Effect | Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behaviour caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent. |
| Theory X | Assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above. |
| Theory Y | Assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity. |
| Syntax | The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. |
| Wernicke's Area | Controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe. |
| Two-Factor Theory | Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal. |
| Shaping | An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforceres guide behaviour toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal. |
