| A | B |
|---|
| barium swallow aka | upper GI series |
| barium swallow sees from | mouth to 1st part of small intestines |
| pre-test prep for barium swallow | low residue diet, NPO 8-12, lax, no smoke day of test |
| barium is constipating so | drink lots, stools, white streaky, call dr if no poop |
| liver biospy - major complication | bleeding - need coag test before |
| care after liver biospy | r side w/pillow, no cough, strain, no heavy lift, v q 15 min |
| roll on R side to prevent | release of blood or bile or both |
| stomach cancer dx | barium swallow, CT, biopsy |
| GERD what it is | when gastric contents flow up into esophagus |
| GERD what causes it | sphincter not able to close esophagel or cardiac |
| GERD can lead to | esophageal stricture (narrowing) and cancer |
| obesity & pregnancy at __ risk for GERD | high |
| GERD s/s | pain/discomfort, melena, sore throat, stuck in throat |
| GERD must rule out | MI |
| GERD agervated by | bending over or laying down |
| GERD nursing | no eat 2-3hrs before bed, elevate bed, reduce boose, caffeine, peppermint, citrus high fat |
| GERD treatment | meds, surgery to tighten sphincter |
| Vit. B12 is absorbed in | stomach |
| Biliroth I | part of tummy removed - join remaining to duodenum |
| Bilrot II | removal part of tummy - join remaining to jejunum |
| dumping syndrome | rapid emptying of large amouts in jejunum |
| dumping syndrome s/s | weakness, dizzy, sweating, palpitations, cramps |
| dumping syndrome diet | low carb - lay down after meals |
| PUD - occurs when | normal balance between factors that protect tummy and injury tummy |
| single greatest risk for getting PUD | H. pylori |
| H. Pylori is what | bacteria that causes damage by allowing acid to penetrate tissue |
| H. Pylori test | balloon - breath test |
| PUD feels like | gnawing, burning, aching hunger like feeling, relieved eating, heartburn |
| PUD can have ___ in stool | blood |
| PUD s/s | anemia, perforation, fatigue weakness dizzy, hypotension |
| NG tubes what they do | nutrition, meds, decompression, lavage |
| decompression is | removal of gas and fluids |
| NG tubes - Feeding methods | bolus 15-30 min - intermittent 30-60 min |
| C-diff is resistant to | certain antibotics |
| treat C-diff w/ | vancomycin - Flagyl |
| contact isolation with | C-diff |
| intestional obstruction 2 types | mechanical (tumor, impact), functional (parylitic ileus) |
| Intestional obstructions - complications | peritonitis, electrolyte imbalance, necrosis, dehydration |
| s/s intestinal obstruction | abd pain, distention, projectile vomit - absent or increased bowel |
| paralytic ileus | lacking peristalsis |
| hernia - what is it | protrusion of an organ or structure thru wall containing cavity |
| hernia - where they occur | umbilical, inguinal, site of incision |
| 4 types of hernia | inguinal, umbilical, femoral, incisional |
| reducible hernia, you can | place back in cavity - supine manual pressure |
| irreducible or incarcerated hernia | can not be replaced bk edema- surgery |
| hernia - what causes | intra abd pressure, lifing heavy, straining w/bowel, cough, sneeze |
| IBS - what is it | alternate periods of constipation/diarrhea |
| IBS aka | spastic colon |
| IBS is not a disease, but | cluster of symptoms |
| IBS increases w/ | stress, period, abuse, psychological dysfunction |
| colon cancer risk factors | colon polyps, chronic inflam disease, family hx, lifetime diet high fat low fiber |
| s/s colon cancer | change in bowel pattern, weakness fatigue, wt loss, rectal abd pain |
| appendicitis - rovsings sign | put pressure LLQ, but hurts on RLQ |
| peritonitis - what is it | contents from other organs spill n 2 cavity |
| peritionitis can cause | paralytic ileus, sepsis, death |
| s/s peritionitis | severe abd pain, boardlike abd, distention, absent bowel |
| ostomies - 2 common | iliostomy (small) colostomy (large) |
| healthy stoma | bright pink, red, moist, shiney |
| ulcerative colitis - causes | unknown, genetic, infection, allergy, abnormal immune response |
| ulcerative colitis lesions are | continous |
| ulcerative colitis has high occurence with __ and __ | abscesses and perforations |
| s/s ulcerative colitis | abrupt onset, sudden sever bloody mucocus diarrhea |
| diverticulitis is out pouching of mucosa in GI that causes | food/chyme, fecal to be retained in pouches |
| diverticulitis s/s | constipation/diarrhea/CURRANT JELLY stools |
| treatment for diverticulitis | temp low residual diet, NPO IV, antibotics, surgery may be needed |
| primary function of GI - 2 | digestion distribution of food |
| mouth - food w/starch mixes with | enzyme called salivary amylase |
| esophagus and stomach sphincter | esophageal and hypopharyngeal |
| stomach has gastric secretions that | contain digestive enzymes to break it down |
| gastric secretions are acidic because | contains hydrochloric acid |
| small intestines 3 portions | duodenum jejunum ilium |
| duodenum is site for | bile and pancreatic enzymes to enter |
| ilecoecal valve is where | end of SI |
| ileocoecal valve does what | regulates flow of intestional contents - prevents reflux |
| Large intestine function | absorbs water, some electrolytes and bile and sends rest to anus |
| 3 accessory digestive organs | liver gallbladder pancreas |
| liver forms and releases | bile, protein, fats carbs stores glycogen |
| gallbladder holds | bile made from liver - |
| when we eat food, gallbladder contracts and | releases bile to duodenum where aids in absorption |
| pancreas is both | exocrine and endocrine |
| cirrhosis | degenerative liver disorder |
| once liver cells are irreversible damaged, scare tissue replaces and | leads to partial or complete liver dysfunction |
| cirrhosis - dysfunction causes | disturbance in digestion, coagulation, fluid & electrolyte, detoxify toxic |
| in cirrhosis, bile begins to drain n 2 | intestines |
| most common cirrhosis | Laennec - chronic booze |
| no bile, no brown | poop |
| ___ in hepatic encephalopathy crosses the blood-brain barrier | ammonia |
| hepatic encephalopathy | amonia on the brain |
| portal HTN | veins drain n 2 and thru liver - obstucts flow, blood back up |
| 3 types of Jaundice | hemolytic, hepatocellular, obstructive |
| jaundice is not a ____, but | a sign of a disease |
| jaundice results from | high concentration of bilirubin in blood |
| bilirubin is produced in | liver, spleen, bone marrow |
| liver removes bilirubin from body in form of | bile |
| bilirubin a by product of | RBC production |
| bilirubin level increase when | excessive destruction of RBC |
| pantoprazole/protonix | GERD |
| lactuloses | get amonia off brain - poop |
| ducusate/colace | prevent constipation |
| spironolactone/aldactone | diuretics - potassium sparing |
