| A | B |
|---|
| stereotype threat | a self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
| proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information |
| effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
| factor analysis | statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score |
| teratogens | agents, such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
| acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contraction |
| aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding) |
| amygdala | two almond shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion |
| reticular formation | a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal |
| predictive validity 436 | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict, also known as criterion-related validity |
| heuristic | simple thinking strategy, allows for quick 'thinking' and is more error-prone than algorithms |
| standardization | defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group |
| refractory period 469 | time after orgasm during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
| structured interviews | process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales |
| social leadership | group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support |
| belief bias | tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid |
| belief perserverance | clining to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
| linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
| cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| retinal disparity | a binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance-the greater the difference between the two images, the closer the object |
