| A | B |
|---|
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring. |
| self-pollinating | occurs in plants that contain both male and female reproductive structures. The pollen from one flower can fertilize the eggs of the same flower or the eggs of another flower on the same plant. |
| true-breeding | self-pollinating plant that always produces offspring with the same traits as the parent. |
| cross-pollination | pollen from one plant is used to fertilize another plant. |
| dominant trait | the trait that is observed when at least one dominant allele for the characteristic is inherited. (example: Tall pea plant) |
| recessive trait | a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited. (example: short pea plant) |
| genes | segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions and are passed from parent to offspring; located on the chromosomes. |
| alleles | different forms of a single gene (T or t) |
| genotype | the inherited combination of alleles. (ex. Tt or TT or tt) |
| phenotype | an organism’s inherited appearance; what the organism looks like (example: Tall or short) |
| first generation | the generation resulting immediately from a cross of the first set of parents (parental generation) |
| parental generation | the first generation involving two individuals that are mated to analyze the genotypes of their offspring |
| Punnett square | used to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles from the parents. |
| probability | the mathematical chance that an event will occur. (ex: 50%) |
