| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | Double Helix Molecule and holds the code for making protein. |
| DNA Polymerase | catalyzes DNA Elongation |
| Replication | DNA is copied. |
| Retrovirus | HIV; Make DNA out of RNA |
| Nuclease | Enzyme that cuts out incorrect DNA. |
| Transduction | Bacteriophage carries genes from one bacterial cell to another. |
| Plasmid | Small, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule |
| Restriction Enzyme | Enzyme in bacteria that works as a defense against viruses |
| Bacteriophage | Virus that infects bacteria. |
| Transposon | "Jumping gene" |
| Capsid | Protein coat that covers a virus. |
| Viroid | Infect plants; circular molecules of RNA. |
| Exons | The useful pieces of mRNA. |
| Introns | The useless pieces of mRNA that exist in eukaryotic cells. |
| rRna | part of the rRNA to which the mRNA attaches. |
| tRNA | molecule that "reads" the mRNA and carries the correct amino acid |
| Prion | This is a disease causing protein |
| Codon | Made up of three nucleotides. |
| RNA Polymerase | enzyme that will open up the DNA and elongate the mRNA during transcription |
| DNA Nucleotide | Deoxyribose, a phosphate,nitrogenous bases: |
| RNA Nucleotide | Ribose, a phosphate,nitrogenous bases: |
| Chargaff's Rule | A=T;G=C |
| Helicase | Enzyme that untwists DNA. |
| Telomerase | enzyme that finishes the replication process by elongating the Telomeres |
| Telomeres | segments at the end of a DNA molecule |
| Proofreading | DNA polymerase checks over the new molecule. |
| Excision Repair | Nuclease cuts out any incorrectly assembled DNA. |
| Elongation | The process of creating the new DNA or RNA molecule. |
| DNA Ligase | enzyme that joins the sugar phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments, creating a single strand. |
| Origins of Replication | The sites where DNA Replication begins. |
| Conjugation | This is when a bacterial cell directly transfers genetic material to another bacterial cell. |
| Transformation | bacterial cell absorbs a plasmid from the outside environment and incorporates it into its genome. |
| Splicesome | molecule that splices out the introns from the mRNA so that only exons remain. |
| Translation | cytoplasm;rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA all come together to create a protein. |
| Transcription | inside the nucleus that creates mRNA molecules using the DNA template. |
| mRNA | carries the DNA's code out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm so the ribosomes can make protein. |
| Insertion Mutation | rameshift mutation that is created by inserting genetic material |
| Deletion Mutation | frameshift mutation that is created by deleting genetic material. |
| Point Mutation | In this mutation there is a single base change |
| Frameshift Mutation | This is where you create a new reading frame for the DNA or RNA. |
