| A | B |
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| meristematic tissue | a type of tissue that is found only in the tips of shoots and roots. It is the only type of plant tissue that produces new cells by mitosis. |
| apical mertistem | a group of undifferntiated cells that divide to produce increased length of stems and roots. |
| epidermal cell | these make up a single layer of the dermal tissue which is the outer covering of the plant |
| cuticle | The exposed outer circle of epidermal cells that are often made of a thick, waxy layer that protects against water loss and injury |
| trichome | the surfaces of some leaves that have tiny cellular projections |
| vessel element | are a type of cell that is wide and they mature and die before they conduct water. They are arranged end to end on top of one another like a stack of tin cans. |
| sieve tube element | the main phloem cells that are arranged end to end.Materials can move from the holes in the end walls into other cells. |
| companion cell | are phloem cells that surround sieve tube elements |
| parenchyma | cells have thin cell walls and large central vacuoles surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm, they are the site of most of a plant's photsynthesis |
| collenchyma | cells have strong flexible cells that help support larger plants |
| sclerenchyma | cells have extremely thick, rigid walls that make ground tissue tough and strong |
| fibrous root | found mainly in monocots, they branch to such an extent that no single root grows larger than the rest |
| taproot | found mainly in dicots, they are roots that can grow very long |
| root hair | tiny projections that cover the epidermis |
| cortex | a spongy layer of ground tissue that is just inside the epidermis |
| endodermis | this layer completely encloses the vascular tissue in the central region |
| vascular cylinder | the vascular tissue in the central region |
| root cap | a tough material that covers fragile new cells and protects the root as it forces its way through the soil |
| Caparian strip | a waterproof strip that surrounds the cells on four sides. |
| node | this is where leaves are attached in most plants |
| internode | regions that separate the nodes |
| bud | contain undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves |
| vascular bundle | plant stem structure that contains xylem and phloem and it is scattered throughout the stem |
| pith | the parenchyma cells inside the ring of the vascaular tissue |
| primary growth | a type of growth occuring at the end of plans that produces news cells at the tips of roots and shoots. It is produced by cell divisions in the apical meristem. It takes place in all seed plants. |
| secondary growth | the pattern of growth in which stems increase in width |
| vascular cambium | in conifers and dicots, secondary growth takes place in this lateral meristematic tissues |
| cork cambium | produces the outer covering of stems |
| heartwood | as woody stems grow thicker, the older xylem near the center of the stem no longer conducts water |
| sapwood | heartwood is surrounded by this and is it active in fluid transport and therefore usually lighter in color |
| bark | all of the tissues outside of the vascular cambium |
| blade | thin, flattened sections on leaves that collect sunlight |
| petiole | the thin stalk that the blade is attached to |
| mesophyll | a specialized ground tissue that makes up most of a leaf |
| palisade mesophyl | a layer of tall, column shaped mesophyll cells just under the epidermis, they absorb much of the light that enters the leaf |
| spongy mesophyl | a loose tissue with many air spaces between its cell. These air spaces connect to the exterior through the stomata |
| stomata | pore like openings in the underside of the leaf that allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse in and out of the leaf |
| guard cell | control the stomata |
| transpiration | the loss of water from a plant through its leaves |
