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| Large coporations that own many smaller companies that produces entirely different goods and services is called a _______________. | Conglomerate |
| Why did corporations form conglomerates? | They were concerned about investing all of their resources in one industry |
| What is a franchise? | The right to open a restaurant using the parent companies brand name and system |
| What invention was developed in the 1930's and became extremely popular in the 1950's? | television |
| How did the term debugging enter the American language? | an employee removed a moth caught in a relay switch that caused a compter to shut down. |
| This is a tiny circuit that amplifies, controls, and generates electrical signals and helped to make computers smaller. | transistor |
| He was a navy captain who oversaw the development of the first commercial nuclear power plant where electrical power was generated from the use of atomic energy. | Hyman G. Rickover |
| Who was credited with making a vaccine for polio? | Dr. Jonas Salk |
| What antibiotic became popular in the 1950's? | penicillin |
| Workers who produced good were called _________ collar workers. | blue |
| Workers who performed services were called _____________ collar workers. | white |
| What labor organization joined the American Federation of Labor? | CIO |
| What was the Servicemen's Readjustment Act? | It was more commonly known as the GI bill. It gave GI's low-interest mortgages to purchase their own home. |
| Who developed a system to mass produce houses? | William J. Lovitt |
| What act provided a national web of new roads? | The 1956 Interstate Highway Act |
| Who coined the term that American had become "the affluent society"? | John Kenneth Galbraith |
| Why were the youth of the 1950's often called "the silent generation"? | They had little interest in the problems of the larger world. |
| In 1954, what two words were added to the Pledge of Alliegience? | Under God |
| What phrase was printed on U.S. money? | In God We Trust |
| Who became an evangelist in the 1950's and attracted a huge following? | Billy Graham |
| Who wrote "The Common Sense Book of Baby Care" in 1946? | Dr. Benjamin Spock |
| Who wrote "The Feminine Mystique" in which she lashed out at the culture that denied creative roles to women? | Betty Friedan |
| Who became a teenage idol when he starred in "Rebel without a Cause" | James Dean |
| This was a new kind of music that grew out of the rhythm and blues tradition and became popular in the 1950's. | Rock-n-Roll |
| He made his first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show and became known as The King of Rock and Roll. | Elvis Presley |
| These were mainly writers and artists who stressed spontaneity and spirituality and shocked people with their open sexuality and use of illegal drugs. | The Beatniks |
| What was unique about Jack Kerouac's novel "On The Road in 1957" ? | It was written on a roll of toilet paper. It lacked standard punctuation and paragraph structure that ws suppose to represent an open approach to life. |
| Who was the Democratic Candidate in the election of 1952? | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Who was the Republican Candidate in the 1952 election? | Adlai Stephenson |
| What slogan was used by Eisenhower in the 1952 election? | "I Like Ike" |
| What did the slogan K1C2 stand for? | Korea, Communism, and Corruption |
| What was the famous Nixon Checkers Speech? | Nixon, Eisenhower's running mate, had been accused of having a special fund set up by rich republican supporters. Nixon went on television and denied receiving any gifts, except one, a cocker spaniel named checkers that his daughter just adored. |
| How did Eisenhower react to federal spending and the deficit? | He tried to cut federal spending, reduce taxes, and balance the budget. |
| What name was given to Eisenhower's approach to slow the growth of the federal government? | dynamic conservatism or modern republicanism |
| What event in the Soviet Union caused many Americans to fear they were losing their competitive edge and caused them to fear a nuclear attack? | The 1957 launching of the Soviet Sputnik |
| What was America's response to the launching of Sputnik? | The National Defense Education Act which was designed to improve science and math instruction in schools and provided millions of dollars in low cost loans to college students and reduced repayment if they became teachers. |
| How did Truman show his support for the Civil Rights movement? | He asked Congress for: an anti-lynching law, abolish the poll tax, and to establish a permanent board to prevent discriminatory practices in hiring. He ordered an end to segregation in hiring federal employees and also an end to segregation in the armed forces. |
| Who was the first African American to play in the major league? He was signed by the Dodgers and opened the way for other African Americans to enter professional sports. | Jackie Robinson |
| Why did protests erupt at a funeral home in Texas when a Mexican American died? | The funeral home refused to bury Felix Longoria, a Mexican American War Hero. The protests led to him being buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C. |
| The government solution to the Native American discrimination was the policy of termination. What was termination? | It was getting rid of government reservations and assimilate Native Americans into society. It met with resistance and was discarded and many Native Americans continued to live in poverty. |
| Who was Eisenhower's Secretary of State that heled shape his Cold War policies? | John Foster Dulles |
| Dulles did not believe in containment to end communism, how did he want to fight communism? | with brinkmanship and massive retaliation |
| What is brinkmanship? | the diplomatic art of going to the brink of war without having to follow through on threats. |
| What is massive retaliation? | The promise that the United States would use overwhelming force against the Soviet Union to settle conflicts. |
| What new secret agency was created within the Federal Government? | The CIA- Central Intelligence Agency, which collected information and spied on foreign governments. |
| Who became the Soviet leader when Joseph Stalin died? | Nikita Khrushchev |
| What was the Warsaw Pact? | It was the Soviet response to NATO. It was a military alliance with the Soviet-dominated countries of Eastern Europe. |
| What is a summit? | a meeting of heads of state |
| What was Eisenhower's "open skies" treaty? | treaty that would allow each side to fly over the other's territory to learn more about its military abilities. He thought it would lower tensions because neither side would have to imagine the worst about the other's military strength. It was rejected by the Soviets |
| What other areas sprang up as hot spots during the cold war? | Vietnam, Israel, Egypt, Iran, Middle East |
| Just after the Japanese surrendered in World War II, who became the head of the Communist party in Vietnam and declared them as an independent country? | Ho Chi Mihn |
| Who had been controlling Vietnam before World War II? | France |
| What is the domino theory? | If one coutnry fell to communism, its neighbors would soon follow. |
| When and where was France defeated in Vietnam? | In 1954 they were defeated at Dien Bien Phu and they withdrew their troops. Vietnam was divided into a Communist North and an anti-Communist South. The division was suppose to be temporary |
| Who controlled South Vietnam? | South Vietnam was supported by the United States and its anit-Communist allies and headed by President Ngo Dinh Diem |
| What was the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization? | It was created by the United States and its Allies and they agreed to work together to resist Communist aggression. They supported the anti-Communist government in South Vietnam. The United States provided much of the military and economic support for this. |
| At the end of World War II, who controlled Palestine? | Great Britain |
| After World War II, there were many calls for a ____________ to be created out of Palestine. | Jewish State |
| How did the United Nations respond to the calls for Jewish state? | They divided Palestine and created two states. One Jewish (Israel) and one Arab (Palestine) |
| In the Israeli-Palestine War. Who backed each side. | The United States sided with Israel and the Soviet Union sided with Palestine. |
| Who was the leader of Egypt? | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| Nasser wanted Soviet support in order to do what? | He wanted to unite Arab Nations |
| How did the United States respond to Nasser's suggestion to unite Arab Nations? | They took away Egypt's financial support for the Aswan High Dam. |
| How did Nasser respond to U.S. ending their financial support for the Aswan High Dam? | Nasser seized the Suez canal and almost started a war. This was vital for Middle Eastern oil to reach Europe and was Israel's only access to the Mediterranean Sea. |
| How does the U.S. respond when Israel launches an attack on Egypt and Britain and France join in to take control of the Suez canal? | He issues the Eisenhower Doctrine. |
| What is the Eisenhower Doctrine? | it says the United States would aid any nation in the Middle East trying to resist communism. |
| The United States helped to overthrow the government of _____________ when the American Fruit Company was seized. | Guatemala |
| There was a pro-communist leader in _________ so the U.S. overthrew him and restored power to the pro-American shah. | Iran |
| The United States also helped to overthrow which corrupt leader in Cuba. | Fulgencio Batista |
| Who did the United States help install as the new leader of Cuba? | Fidel Castro, but he lost U.S. support when they learned his movement was infiltrated with communists. |
| How does an atomic bomb get its power? | by splitting atoms |
| What type of new bomb was created that used fusion. | Hydrogen bomb |
| An international contest between the United States and the Soviet Union in which each side was seeking a military advantage over the other. | arms race |
| How did military strategy change in the 1950's? | There was less reliance on conventional forces such as soldiers and tanks, and more reliance on nuclear weapons, brinkmanship, and retaliation. Instean of resisting enemies at the point of attack, the U.S. would seek to prevent its enemies from attacking in the first place by promising a devastating nuclear response. |
| How did bomb technology change? | scientists worked to make bombs smaller and found new ways to deliver nuclear weapons such as airplanes and later, ICBM's. |
| What are ICBM's? | Intercontinental ballistic missiles that can carry nuclear weapons several thousands of miles and still strike very close to their intended targets. |
| What new technology was developed for submarines which made it so they didn't have to refuel? | submarines became nuclear powered. The nuclear fuel heated the water to create steam and the steam powered the sub. |
| Who oversaw the production of nuclear power plants for electricity in the United States? | Hymen G. Rickover |
| What is a satellite? | an object that orbits the Earth. |
| Who launched the first-ever artifical satellite and what was it called? | The Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957. |
| How did America respond to the launching of Sputnik? | Many thought the Soviets had surpassed teh American scientists in terms of knowledged and skill. It lead to an development of NASA and the National Defense Education Act. |
| What is NASA? | the National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| What is the National Defense Education Act? | Many had wondered if the decline in American schools had enabled the Soviets to surpass the U.S. This act provided millions of dollars for education to improve math and science skills as well as foreign language skills. |
| What are the side effects of nuclear radiation? | cancer, burning, birth defects |
| What was the FCDA? | Federal Civil Defense Administration |
| How did the FCDA respond to the threat of nuclear war? | They helped educate and prepare the public for nuclear emergencies. They issued booklets and films such as Duck and Cover. Air-raid sirens were installed and tested and encouraged schools to have bomb drills. |
| Concerns about nuclear fallout led to what treaty? | Limited Test-Ban Treaty in 1963. |
| How did television change politics in the 1950's? | Politicians quickly realized tv had the potential to change their relationship with voters. Richard Nixon used television for the Checkers Speech and Senator McCarthy would use it for the Army-McCarthy hearings. |
| What was used to pay for the costs of developing television programming? | advertisements or commercials |
| What were some of the popular television shows of the 1950's? | I Love Lucy, American Bandstand, Howdy Doody, Mickey Mouse Club, and soap operas. TV Guide began publishing. |
| What was the integrated circuit? | the computer chip |
| What was the name of the first commercial computer? | UNIVAC, Universal Automatic Computer. It was build in 1951, weighed 30,000 pounds and took up a room. |
| What is per capita income and what happened to it in the 1950's? | itis the average income per person and it increased. |
| What famous book was written by Michael Harrington that complained that the nation's poor had been forgotten. | The Other America |
| Who wrote the Organization Man and what was it about? | It was written by Willaim HlWhyte and it noted a loss of individuality among te growing class of business workers. |
| The U.S. population was beginning a shift in settlement to the Sunbelt, where was this located? | the southern and western parts of the country. |
| Who were some of the popular music perfomers of the 1950's? | Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Bill Halley and the Comets, and Little Richard. |
| What book became a favorite coming of age story in the 1950's? | The Catcher and the Rye, a rebellious teenager attempts ot run away from what he perceives as the artificial world of adults. |
