| A | B |
|---|
| alcoholic fermentation | the process by which pyruvic acid is converted to ethyl alcohol; the anaerobicaction of yeast on sugars |
| anaerobic pathway | fermentation pathways that operate in the absence of oxygen |
| cellular respiration | A complex set of chemical reactions involving an energy transformation where potential chemical energy in the bonds of “food” molecules is released and partially captured in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. |
| chemiosmosis | a process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane which makes ATP |
| cristae | a fold of the inner membrane of mitochondria |
| fermentation | a process in which cells make a limited amount of ATP by coverting glucose into another organic compound such as lactic acid or ethyl alcohol, in the absence of oxygen |
| glycolysis | the beginning series of reactions of cell respriation that breaks glucose down to pyruvic acid |
| lactic acid fermentation | the process by which pyruvic acid is coverted to lactic acid |
| NAD+ | an organic molecule that accepts electrons during Glycolysis |
| pyruvic acid | a three carbon molecule that is the end product of glycolysis |
| acetyl coenzyme A | the compound that reacts with oxaloacetic acid in the first step of the Krebs cycle |
| aerobic respiration | the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds, with oxygen as the final electron acceptor |
| electron transport chain | molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane that uses some of he energy in electrons to pump protons across the membrane |
| FAD | a compound that accepts electrons during the Krebs cycle |
| Krebs cycle | a series of biochemical reactions that release carbon dioxide and result in the formation of ATP |
| mitochondrion | A membrane‐bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; site of cellular respiration |
| mitochondrial matrix | the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| adenosine triphosphate | the energy currency for the cell - ATP |
| organic compound | a carbon containing compound such as glucose |
| cytosol | the solution surrounding the organelles where glycolysis and fermentation occur |
| citric acid | a 6 carbon compound formed during the Krebs cycle |
