| A | B |
|---|
| mutation | a change in the genetic makeup of an organism |
| natural selection | "survival of the fittest" |
| evolution | the gradual change in a species over time |
| codon | a series of 3 nucleotides that code for 1 amino acid |
| point mutations | a change in a single nucleotide that may or may not affect the amino acid sequence |
| frameshift mutations | an insertion or deletion in a nucleotide that will cause major differences in the amino acid sequence |
| radiation | a cause of mutations |
| chemical such as cigarette smoke and asbestos | a cause of mutations |
| crossing over | homologous chromosomes trade gene segments |
| duplication | DNA ends up being longer due to repeated genes |
| deletion | DNA ends up being short due to leftout genes |
