| A | B |
|---|
| savanna | tropical biome covered by grasses, shrubs & small trees |
| type of biome in temperate area | grassland, chaparral, desert biome |
| type of biome in cold areas | tundra & desert biome |
| countries with a savanna | S. America, W. India, N. Australia, Africa |
| length of the wet season | a few months |
| herbivores in savanna | antelopes, giraffes, elephants |
| predators in savanna | cheetahs, lions, hyenas |
| how savanna grasses conserve water | vertical leaves that limit sun exposure |
| how savanna plants keep predators away | thorns/sharp leaves |
| why savanna animals give birth during the rainy season | because food is plentiful at that time |
| type of rainfall needed for temperate grassland | moderate, but still too little for trees to grow |
| why mountains play a crucial role in maintaining grasslands | rain clouds release most of their moisture over mountain areas |
| why grassland areas have many fires | summer lightening strikes the dried out grass |
| types of temperate grassland vegetation | grasses & wildflowers |
| only location of few shrubs & trees in temperate grassland | banks of streams |
| what helps grassland plants survive drought & fire | root system w/dense layers |
| area w/most fertile soil in world | temperate grasslands |
| most abundant crops grown in grasslands | wheat & corn |
| amount of rain needed for prairie shortgrass | 25 cm |
| amount of rain needed for prairie mixed or middlegrass | 50 cm |
| amount of rain needed for prairie tallgrass | 88 cm |
| animals of temperate grasslands | grazing (antelope, bison), burrowing (badgers, prairie dogs, burrowing owls) |
| types of threats to temperate grasslands | farming, overgrazing |
| chaparral | temperate shrubland biome |
| climate of chaparral | moderately dry, coastal, little/no rain in summer |
| latitudinal location of chaparral | 30 degrees north & south of equator |
| common chaparral plants | chamise, manzanita, scrub oak, olive trees, sage & bay |
| common chaparral animals | quail, lizards, chipmunks, mule deer (camouflage) |
| threat to chaparral | human development |
| desert | driest place on earth |
| common desert plant | succulents (cactus) |
| what prevents the sun from drying up a cactus | waxy coating |
| what keeps animals from devouring cactus' flesh | sharp spines |
| fatal water content level for most plants | below 50 -75 percent of their mass |
| common animals of the desert | reptiles (Gila monsters, rattlesnakes), amphibians (spadefoot toad) |
| common sleep pattern of desert animals | nocturnal |
| tundra | biome located in northern artcic regions |
| permafrost | permanently frozen layers of soil |
| tundra's summer bugs | mosquitoes & black flies |
| vegetation of the tundra | mosses, lichens, campion, gentian, willow, birch |
| common tundra animals | caribou, wolves, moose lemmings, mice, hares, arctic foxes |
| common tundra threat | pollution caused by spills/leaks of oil & other toxic materials |
