| A | B |
|---|
| Herbert Hoover | Became President in 1929. He did not see the warning signs that country was in trouble |
| Why was economy in trouble? | low farm prices, demand for new homes declined, sale of heavy machinery fell, & comsumers were buying less |
| What caused stock prices to fall? | The rash of selling stocks |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929 |
| What years did the economy slide into a severe depression? | 1929-1941 |
| 1929-1941 were known as what? | The Great Depression |
| Causes of the Great Depression | Overproduction, problems with the banking system, stock market crash, and the demand for goods decreased |
| What were some things that happened during the depression? | Soaring unemployement, suffering families, marriage and birth rates dropped, and people were starving |
| Relief | Giving help to the needy |
| Public Works Program | Gov't hired wokers to construct schools and courthouses, build dams, and pave highways |
| Reconsstruction Finance Corp (RFC) | Loaned money to railroads, banks, and insurance companies to help keep them in business |
| Hoovervilles | Shacks where the homeless lived |
| Who did people blame for the depression? | Herbert Hoover |
| Hoover blanket | newspaper that the homeless covered themselves with to keep warm |
| Hoover flag | Empty pocket turned inside out |
| Hoover stew | Thin soup people waited for in food lines |
| Bonus | Sum of money to be paid |
| Bonus Army | War veterans who demanded war bonus early. Led a protest in a tent city along the Potomac River. They were attacked and forced to leave |
| Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) | Became President in 1932 and was struck with polio. He was confident and had personl charm. |
| Brain Trust | College professors who were esperts on economic issues. FDR sought their help to end the depression |
| Frances Perkins | Social worker named as Secretary of Labor. She was the first woman to hold a cabinet post |
| Fireside Chats | Radio broadcasts where FDR gave speeches form a chair near a fireplace in the White House |
| Hundred Days | The first 3 months of FDR's presidency |
| New Deal | Name for FDR's programs |
| 3 main goals of the New Deal | *Relief for the unemployment *Plans for recovery *Reforms to prevent another depression |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | Hired umemployed single men for $1 a day to plant trees, build bridges & new parks, and help with flood control |
| Federal Emergency Relief (FERA) | Federal money that was given to state and local agencies. It was distributed money to the unemployed |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) | Put jobless to work building hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, and airports |
| National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) | Industry wrote rules for productin, wages, prices, and working conditions. |
| What did the NIRA try to do? | To end price cutting and worker layoffs |
| What was some help for farmers? | paid farmers not to grow certain crops, paid to plow surplus crops & dispose of surplus livestock, and set up electricity to rural areas |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC) | Insured savings accounts in banks approved by the gov't |
| Wagner Act | Protected American workers from unfair management practices and gave workers the right to collective bargaining |
| Collective bargaining | Process in which a union representing a group of workers negotiaties with management for a contract |
| John L. Lewis | he set up an organization that represented unions in whole industries such as steel, automobile, and textile |
| Tennessee Vally Authority | Set out to remake the Tennessee River Vally and control flooding |
| Huey Long | Senator of Louisiana whose nickname was "Kingfish" and motto was "Share Our Wealth" |
| Francis Townsend | California doctor who wanted to set up a program to help the elderly |
| Charles Coughlin | Catholic priest who was known as the radio priest. He spoke out against FDR and the New Deal |
| Sit down strike | Workers stopped all machines and refused to leave the factories until they were recognized |
| Where was the first sit down strike held? | Goodyear Tire Factory in Akron, Ohio |
| Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 | *Minimum wage set *Maximum hours at 44 hours a week * banned children under 16 from working in industry |
| Social Security Act | Set up to help the elderly |
| What were the 3 parts to Social Security? | *Set up pensions for older people *Unemployment insurance *Gave states money to support dependent children and people with disabilities |
| Deficit spending | Gov't spends more than it takes in from taxes. It has led to a large increase in the national debt |
| Dust Bowl | From Texas to the Dakotas a drought dried out topsoil. High winds carried the soil away |
| During the Dust Bowl - what were storms called? | Black Blizzards |
| Causes for the Dust Bowl | Overgrazing by cattle, plowing, drought, and wind |
| Migrant workers | People moving from one region to another in serach of work |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | Active first lady whol toured the country and reported to the President. She also had a newspaper column & radio program |
| Black Cabinet | FDR's unofficial advisors made up of several black leaders |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | A well known black educator who held a high-level gov't job and was part of the Black Cabinet |
| Life for migrant workers | *carried everything they owned in their cars *Didn't stay anywhere too long * Attended many different schools * poor pay * prejudice |
| When did Congress grant Indians citizenship? | 1924 |
| Indian New Deal | Laws that gave Native American nations greater control over their own affairs |
| Who headed the Bureau of Indian Affairs? | John Collier |
| What was the first full-length animated film? | Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs |
| Popular movies of the times | The Wizards of OZ & Gone With the Wind |
| John Steinbeck | Wrote The Grapes of Wrath. It told the heart breaking story of the Okies |
| Richard Wright | Wrote Uncle Tom's Children. It described racial violence against African Americans in the South |
| Dorothea Lange | A photographer who captured vivid images of hardships of those suffering the Dust Bowl. Her pictures were a lasting record of American life during the Great Depression |
