| A | B |
|---|
| erosion | process by which weathered material is moved from one place to another |
| deposition | process by which material carried by erosion is dropped in new places |
| mass movement | downhill movement of weathered materials caused by gravity |
| landslides | the sudden movement of rocks down a hill |
| talus | pile of rock and rock particles that collect s at the base of a slope |
| deflation | removal of loose material from the earth’s surface |
| loess | deposits of wind blown dust |
| dune | formed when wind is blocked by a barrier in its path. Has two sides…windward side and a slipface |
| icebergs | a large piece of floating ice |
| Ice Age | a period of very cold temperatures |
| Glacer | moving river of ice and snow |
| roche mountonnees | rounded knobs of bedrock produced by moving glaciers |
| till | unsorted debris left by a glaciers |
| striations | small scratches in rock produced by small rocks scraping the bedrock |
| grooves | large troughs left in the bedrock when boulders scrape across it |
| erratic | large boulders deposited by glaciers that don't match the bedrock |
| drumlin | a canoe shaped hill of till left when a glacier runs over a moraine |
| end moraine | a large pile of till left at the end of a glacier when it melts and drops the debris it is carrying |
| terminal moraine | the moraine left at the farthest point of the glacier’s advance |
| lateral moraine | a moraine left on the side of a glacier |
| kettle lake | round depression left in the ground when a piece of a glacier breaks off and melts |
| abrasion | wearing away of rock by particles carried by wind and water…the scraping of rock |
| zone of wastage | area of a glacier where the snow is melting faster than it is falling |
| outwash plain | borad stratified deposit of sediment formed by the terminal moraine by glacial melt water |
| ice shelves | large area of a continental ice sheet that extends out into the ocean |
| hanging valley | a small valley left high above the main valley floor when a tributarty glacier meets a larger glacier. often have waterfalls |
| continental ice sheets | l very large glacier that forms in polar areas and smooths the landscape as it moves along |
| valley glacier | form in mountains and move slowly downhill trough valleys. slow-moving |
| continental glaciers | form near earth’s poles. Form large sheets of ice called icecaps |
| stratified drift | glacial drift sorted into layers by size of particles |
| zone of accumulation | area of a glacier where snow is falling faster than it is melting |
| snow-line | the lowest level that permanent snow reaches in the summer |
| flood plain | flat area on the side of a river where sediments are deposited during floods |
| delta | triangular shaped deposit of sediment located at the mouth of a river |
| sediment | soil and rock particles that settle to the bottom of a river |
| run off | excess water that flows downhill due to gravity |
| tributary | smaller streams that feed into a river |
| point bar | deposits of sediment on the insides of a meander |
| velocity | speed and direction…determined by gradient/slope |
| back swamps | swampy depressed area of a flood plain |
| Wave | up and down movement of water |
| sea cave | a hollowed out part of a sea cliff |
| sea arch | gap formed when waves cut completely through a section of rock |
| swash | water washing up on the beach |
| backwash | water flowing back down the beach |
| sandbar | long underwater deposit of sand parallel to the shore |
| sea cliff | a steep rock face caused by wave erosion |
| sea stack | isolated column of rock |
| tombolo | sand deposits that connect islands to the mainland |
| oxbow lake | a meander that has been isolated from a river |
| meander | turns or bends in a river |
| terrace | a nearly level platform caused by the erosion of a river or waves |
| delta | a triangle deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river |
| spit | a line of sand that is attached to the land |
| headland | part of the coast the sticks further out into the ocean |
| longshore current | a current that runs parrallel to the beach and moves sand down the beach |
| mouth | point at which the river meets the ocean or the lake into which it empties |
| source | beginning of a river |
| gradient | slope |
| fetch | area of open ocean that a wave travels across |
| waterfall | found in a youthful river |
| jetty | a pile of rocks that extends perpendicular from the beach to stop longshore current erosion |
| bed | the bottom of the river |
| banks | the sides of the river |
| riprap | rocks placed along the coast to prevent erosion |
| tributary | a small stream or river that flows into a larger river |
| plunge pool | area of river bed below waterfall that has been eroded very deeply |
| largest continental ice sheet | Antarctica |
| In order for ice age to occur temperature must drop | 5 degrees Celsius |
| During an ice age the levels of the oceans | drop |
| The higher the energy output of the sun | the more sun spots you have |
| According to the Milankovitch Theory…during an Ice Age… the Northern Hampshire would have winter | during perihelion |
| According to the Milankovitch Theory | the Erath would be tilted less (21.5) |
| As continental glaciers move over land | they create smooth landscape |
| Glaciers create | U shaped valleys |
| Depressions formed by ice blocks falling off a glacier being buried and melted | kettles |
| Famous terminal moraine | Cape Cod & Long Island |
| Young river | type of river capable of moving large boulders |
| When water moves along a meander | it moves faster along the cut bank (outside) |
| Oxbow lake | forms when a meander is cut off and water takes a new path |
| A river with a medium gradient | mature river / middle age river |
| To rejuvenate a river | change it’s slope / gradient |
| Longshore current | when waves approach the beach at an angle |
| Tombolo | a spit that connects a island to the mainland |
| Three features that form if a headland erodes unevenly and a hole begins to form | sea cave-sea arch-sea stack / cave-arch-stack |
| Three things that affect the size of a wave | wind speed-length of time the wind blows-fetch |
| Our coastline is a | submergent coastline |
| West coast is an | emergent coastline |
| A retreating glacier is | a glacier that is melting faster than it is moving |
