| A | B |
|---|
| Melting pot | absorption and assimilation |
| Cultural Deficit Model | assumption that a culture is inadequate |
| Multicultural Education | promotion of equity of schooling all students |
| Socioeconomic status | relative standing in the society based on income, power, background, and prestige |
| Resistance culture | group values and beliefs about refusing to adopt the behaviors and attitudes of the majority culture |
| Tracking | assignment to different classes and academic experiences based on achievement |
| Ethnicity | a cultural heritage shared by a group of people |
| Race | a group of people who share common biological traits that seen as self-defining by the people of the group |
| Minority group | A group of people who have been socially disadvantaged--- not always a minority in actual numbers |
| Prejudice | prejudgment or irrational generalization about an entire category of people |
| Stereotype | schema that organizes knowledge or perceptions about a category |
| Discrimination | treating or acting unfairly toward particular categories of people |
| Stereotype threat | the extra emotional and cognitive burden that your performance in an academic situation might confirm a stereotype that others hold about you |
| Sexual identity | a complex combination of beliefs and orientations about gender roles and sexual orientation |
| Gender | role identity-beliefs about characteristics and behaviors associated with one sex as opposed to the other |
| Gender schemas | organized networks of knowledge about what it means to be male or female |
| Gender bias | different views of males and females, often favoring one gender over the other |
| Dialect | rule-governed variation of a language spoken by a particular group |
| Code-switching | successful switching between cultures in language, dialect, or nonverbal behaviors to fit the situation |
| Bilingualism | speaking two languages fluently |
| ELL | English language learners |
| ESL | English as a second language |
| ESOL | English for speakers of other languages |
| Semilingual | not proficient in any language; speaking one or more languages inadequately |
| Culturally Inclusive Classrooms | Classrooms that provide culturally diverse students equitable access to the teacher-learning process |
| Resilience | The ability to adapt successfully in spite of difficult circumstances and threats to development |
| Sociolinguistics | the study of the courtesies and conventions of conversations across cultures |
| Pragmatics | the rules for when and how to use language to be an effective communicator in a particular culture |
| Participation structures | the formal and informal rules for how to take part in a given activity |
| Culturally relevant pedagogy | Excellent teaching for students of color that includes academic success, developing/maintaining cultural competence, and developing a critical consciousness to challenge the status quo |
| The digital divide | the disparities in access to technology between poor and more affluent students and families |
