| A | B |
| laissez-faire | French phrase means "let people do as they choose" |
| similar | alike |
| customs duties | taxes on imported goods |
| judicial review | The judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and nullify unconstitutional laws |
| conflict | disagreement |
| Gibbons v. Maryland (1824) | Court held that federal law takes precedence over state law in interstate transportation |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Court held that Congress allowed to do more than the Constitution expressly authorizes it to do |
| Marbury v. Madison | Established the judiciary's right to review a law |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | Set up regional courts for the U.S. with 16 judges and other officials |
| Albert Gallatin | Secretary of the treasury under Jefferson |
| Aaron Burr | Jefferson's running mate for V.P. |