| A | B |
|---|
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane |
| Passive transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| Active transport | The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| Exocytosis | The process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particles in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
| Cellular respiration | The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| Fermentation | The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen |
| Cell cycle | The life cycle of a cell |
| Chromosome | In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in prokaryotic cells, the main ring of DNA |
| Homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| Mitosis | In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Binary fission | Cell division in bacteria |
| Chromatids | These are joined by a centromere |
| Centromere | What holds together chromatids in the second stage of mitosis |
