| A | B |
|---|
| scientific method | a plan to answer science questions |
| hypothesis | an educated guess |
| observation | what you see, hear, feel and smell |
| record | writing about what you observe |
| conclusion | a statement about what you learned |
| crust | top layer of earth made of plates that float |
| mantle | thick layer of solid rock under the crust |
| outer core | layer of melted iron and nickel |
| inner core | center of earth made of solid iron and nickel |
| igneous rock | "fire" rock made when magma cools |
| obsidian | an example of igneous rock |
| sedimentary rock | made when layers under water settle on one another |
| limestone | an example of sedimentary rock |
| metamorphic rock | made when heat and pressure change the properties of a rock |
| marble | an example of metamorphic rock |
| geologist | someone who studies rocks and minerals |
| rock | hard solid part of earth's surface |
| mineral | building block of rocks; chemically the same everywhere |
| color test | tells what a rock or mineral looks like |
| texture test | tells the size of the particles |
| layer test | tells where in sedimentary rock a sample is from; cannot be done in the classroom |
| cleavage test | tells how a mineral breaks |
| hardness test | tells how hard a rock or mineral is |
| Moh's scale | list of 10 minerals used for hardness test |
| acid test | tells if a rock or mineral has a base in it |
| streak test | identifies a color streak that only a certain rock or mineral can make |
| streak plate | used to identify the color streak of a rock or mineral |
| magnet test | tells if there is iron in a rock or mineral |
| electricity test | tells if there is metal in a rock or mineral |
| rocks are | made from many minerals |
| texture words include | coarse, fine, glassy |
| minerals have | consistent hardness and streak color |
| the rock cycle | shows how rocks change their forms |
| talc | is soft on the hardness scale |
| lava can make | igneous rock |
| piled layers of material can make | sedimentary rock |
| weight and pressure make | metamorphic rock |
| convergent plates | come together (mountains) |
| divergent plates | move apart (form new land) |
| transform plates | move past each other |
| evidence of plate movement | same rocks, same mountains, tropical plants in Antarctica |
| mantle | below crust |
| crust | above mantle |
| inner core | in middle of earth |
| makes "U" shaped valleys | glaciers |
| plate boundary | plates come together or move apart |
