| A | B |
|---|
| mouth | where food is mixed with saliva |
| parotoid gland (salivary gland) | saliva: moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches |
| sublingual gland (salivary gland) | saliva: moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches |
| submandibular gland (salivary gland) | saliva: moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches |
| pharynx | where the mouth connects to the esophagus |
| trachea | wind pipe that travels to your lungs |
| esophagus | connects your mouth to your stomach. About 25 cm long, takes 5 seconds. Uses muscular contractions called peristalsis. |
| lower esophageal sphincter | sphincter: a muscular "gate" that controls the flow of food |
| stomach | mixes food with enzymes and acid. These help to break down the food. Stomach is lined with mucus (for protection). |
| duodenum | small intestines: 6-7 m long, covered in villi, which add surface area. This is where food is absorbed into the bloodstream. |
| jejunum | in the small intestine: glands give off enzymes that help with digestion |
| ileum | in the small intestine: glands give off enzymes that help with digestion |
| ileocecal valve | in the small intestine: glands give off enzymes that help with digestion |
| cecum | the beginning of the large intestine |
| appendix | 7-10 cm long. no function |
| ascending colon | large intestine: 1.5 m long. This is where food that can not be digested moves. Water is absorbed here and put into bloodstream |
| transverse colon | large intestine: 1.5 m long. This is where food that can not be digested moves. Water is absorbed here and put into the bloodstream. |
| descending colon | large intestine: 1.5 m long. This is where food that can not be digested moves. Water is absorbed here and put into the bloodstream. |
| sigmoid colon | large intestine: 1.5 m long. This is where food that can not be digested moves. Water is absorbed here and put into bloodstream. |
| rectum | where feces is stored before elimination. |
| anus | where solid waste is eliminated from the body |
| gallbladder | where bile from the liver is stored, then secreted into the duodenum. Aids in the absorption and digestion of fats. |
| pancreas | the gland that secretes digestive enzymes as well as the hormone insulin. Secretes them into the duodenum. |
| liver | secretes bile; metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. |
