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World War One

AB
armisticethe end of fighting under agreed terms
army corpsmilitary grouping made up of a number of divisions
artillerybig guns and howitzers
barrageconcentration of heavy artillery fire in front of advancing or reteating troops
no-man's landland between the opposing front line trenches
attritiontactic of wearing down the opposition through heavy casualities - repeated attack and counter attack
C.E.W. BeanAustralia's official war historian
billethouse
BlightyEngland: as a reference to home
bombersexpert fighters with hand grenades
bully beeftinned
dixielarge
dogfightfight between two small groups of aircraft
duckboardwooden slats used for walking tracks to keep feet above the water in the trenches
dugoutshelter from shell fire; made by digging into the side of the trench wall or down from the floor
emplacementsite for one or more guns
enfiladebombard a trench from end to end either with shells or bullets
fascineslarge bundles of sticks placed in shell holes or trenches so tanks etc could pass
fatiguelight duties including kitchen work
firestepraised step on the side of a trench facing the enemy - used to watch or to fire at the enemy
flaresmall signal light
funk-holesmall dugout
Hindenburg Linecomplex trench system built by the Germans in front of Cambrai - used in their withdrawal of 1917
Jerryused by front line troops to refer to the Germans
mustard gasyellow gas that blistered eyes and skin and caused the body's systems to collapse
offensivelarge scale attack
parapetside of the fire trench - topped with sandbags
pillboxfortified concrete structure to house machine guns - built by the Germans
platoonpart of a company - had four sections of 16 men
putteecloth wound around the calf of the leg to give support when marching over distances
revetmentstrengthening the sides of trenches using sandbags
salientnarrow bulge that jutted out into German held territory - Ypres Salient formed in 1914
schrapnelshell fragments
sniperssharp shooters placed in concealed positions to fire on the enemy
tacticscontrolled battlefield manoeuvres aimed to achieved a set objective
tanksarmoured fighting vehicles
saplines of communication within the trench system
trench footfrostbite of the foot in the trenches
whizz-banglight shell fired from small gun
Vickersa large
Lewisa small machine gun
Alfred von Schlieffenhis plan formed basis of Germany's 1914 war strategy
Erich von LudendorffGerman leader responsible for the militarisation of the German economy and use of unrestricted submarine warfare
Sir Douglas HaigBritish General criticised for Somme
Sir John MonashCommander of Australian Corps on Western Front from May 1918; broke Hindenburg Line
Sir John FrenchBritish commander who blamed Kitchener for shell shortage 1915; replaced after Loos
Crown Prince RupprechtGerman leader who favoured an early peace
Helmuth von MoltkeGerman commander who failed to control right wing armies; lost his nerve under pressure; lost the 1st Battle of Marne
Paul von Hindenburgended the war of attrition at Verdun; withdrew to the Hindenburg Line; launched March offensive 1918
Joseph JoffreFrench CIC 1914 -1916; belief in superiority of offensive; halted Germans at Marne
Robert Nivelle(French) distinguished at Marne; counter attacks at Verdun; 1917 failure of Spring offensive led to troop mutinies
Henri Philippe Petain(French) skillful defence of Verdun; restored morale after troop mutinies; policy of defence in depth 1918
Ferdinand Foch(French) energetic leadership; dedicated to offensive; flexible approach to stalemate; coordinated allied armies 1918
von Falkenhayn(German) launched attack on Verdun


Lansing Eastern High School
Lansing, MI

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