| A | B |
|---|
| Italy | peninsula in southern Europe, surrounded by Mediterranean Sea |
| Tiber River | Rome is located next to this |
| Latins | the first people to live in Italy |
| Rome | Latin settlement that became the most powerful city in the ancient world |
| Etruscans | conquered Rome around 600 B.C. and influenced Roman way of life |
| arch | curved structure that can support heavy weight; Rome got the idea from the Etruscans |
| roads/sewers | Romans learned to build them from the Etruscans |
| Latin | the language of the Romans, based on the Etruscan alphabet |
| French, Spanish, English, German | based on the Roman alphabet |
| olives and grapes | two crops the Romans learned how to grow from the Greeks |
| drama, art, architecture | Romans copied these ideas from the Greeks |
| religion, gods | spiritual ideas copied by the Romans from the Greeks |
| republic | form of government in which people have the right to elect (vote for) their leaders |
| consuls | commanded the Roman army, collected taxes, made sure laws were carried out |
| Senate | proposed Roman laws, elected consuls, and gave consuls advice |
| patricians | upper class landowners of ancient Rome |
| plebeians | lower class merchants, farmers, and workers of ancient Rome |
| tribunes | had the ability to veto (block) actions by the Senate or other government officials |
| legions | groups of Roman soldiers used to conquer large territories in the Mediterranean region |
| Carthage | Rome's biggest enemy, located in north Africa, south of Rome |
| Punic Wars | fought between Carthage and Rome for contol of the Mediterranean Sea, Rome was the winner in the end |
| Hannibal | general from Carthage who attacked Rome from the north with 37 elephants and 50,000 soldiers |
| Roman conquest | farmers and workers suffered as a result becuase slaves were brought from conquered territories |
| Julius Caesar | Roman general who was made dictator by the Senate; he helped the poor but was assassinated |
| Octavian | Julius Caesar's adopted son, who came to power after Julius Caesar |
| Caesar Augustus | the name of Octavian after he became military leader, consul, and tribune for life |
