| A | B |
|---|
| rural villages and farms | where nine out of 10 people lived before 1800 |
| cities | grew rapidly during the 1800's as a result of plentiful jobs in factories |
| farming jobs | declined because new manchines made planting and harvesting much easier and less labor instensive |
| urban | city areas where many problems developed in the 1800's |
| water | source of many deadly diseases such as cholera in 19th century cities |
| landlords | took advantage of people by crowding them into rooms to rent |
| alcoholism | people turned to this to avoid their problems |
| divorce | increased greatly between couples because of the crowded living conditions in cities |
| lung problems | developed because of small bits of cloth in the air in factories and poisonous fumes |
| arms/legs | were lost to dangerous-to-use machines in factories |
| labor unions | demanded higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions for workers |
| strikes | caused many facotries to close |
| journalists | wrote about the bad conditions in factories and helped to begin reforms |
| capitalists | investors who start businesses and keep whatever $$ they make |
| socialists | complained that under capitalism, only factory owners got rich, the workers did not receive their fair share of $$ |
| Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels | German socialists and writers of the Communist Manifesto |
| Communist Manifesto | encouraged workers to rise up and protest in support of socialist ideas |
| communism | economic system in which all property and $$ made by business is shared equaly among the people |
| middle class | replaced the upper class as the most powerful |
| standard of living | increased because in time, wages rose and prices for goods dropped |
| women | began to gain opportunities to go to college and become professionals in the 1830's and 1840's |
| railroads, mines, factories | where most of the $$ was during the 1800's |
